{ "abstract": "Background\n\nOccupational epidemiological analyses typically focus on a priori hypotheses relating disease to specific exposures or occupations. We used regularized regression models to agnostically identify occupations associated with lung cancer while accounting for known lung carcinogens.Methods\n\nWe pooled data from 14 European and Canadian lung cancer case-control studies. The main analysis included 13 587 cases and 16 410 controls for men and 3199 cases and 4408 controls for women. Associations between ever-employment in various occupations and lung cancer risks were evaluated using two selection approaches: a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and a two-stage Bayesian hierarchical horseshoe model accounting for age, study, smoking, and occupational exposure to known lung carcinogens. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for selected occupations.Results\n\nFor men, occupations consistently identified as positively associated with lung cancer included miners (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.54) and bricklayers (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12-1.52), while secondary education teachers (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22-0.60), production managers (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54-0.81), and government executive officials (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.62-0.83) were negatively associated. For women, secondary language and literature teachers (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.20-0.72) and government executive officials (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48-0.81) showed negative associations.Conclusion\n\nTwo agnostic, data-driven models identified several occupations associated with both increased and decreased lung cancer risks. These associations persisted after accounting for known exposures and covariates, highlighting the need to investigate unidentified occupational factors.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.", "Risk Analysis for Prevention, Innovation & Development, Unit Health and Work, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.", "The Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.", "Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.", "Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.", "Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.", "Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany.", "Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.", "Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.", "Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.", "Department of health Risk Assessment, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.", "Faculty of Health, Catholic University, Ružomberok, Slovakia.", "Health Research Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain.", "Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.", "Department of Epidemiology, ASL Roma E, Rome, Italy.", "Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia.", "Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.", "Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia.", "Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.", "Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.", "Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.", "Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.", "Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Epidemiology Unit, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.", "Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.", "Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.", "Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.", "Public Health Laboratory Department, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary.", "Team Exposome and Heredity, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018 Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris Cité, Villejuif, France.", "First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.", "Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.", "Department of Environmental Epidemiology, The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.", "Institut für Medizinische Informatik Biometrie Epidemiologie, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.", "Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, N.N. Blokhin National Research Centre of oncology, Moscow, Russia.", "Environment and Health over the Lifecourse, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.", "Department of Biology, Boston College, MA, United States." ], "article_type": "research article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 40, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Calvin Ge" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Jia Nie", "orcid": "0000-0001-9393-482X" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Lützen Portengen", "orcid": "0000-0003-1537-1843" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Ann Olsson", "orcid": "0000-0001-6498-2259" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Joachim Schüz", "orcid": "0000-0001-9687-2134" }, { "affs": [ 3, 4 ], "name": "Wolfgang Ahrens", "orcid": "0000-0003-3777-570X" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Christine Barul" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Thomas Behrens" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Thomas Brüning" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "Neil E Caporaso" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Dario Consonni" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "Paul A Demers" }, { "affs": [ 10, 11 ], "name": "Eleonora Fabianova" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Guillermo Fernández-Tardón" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "John K Field" }, { "affs": [ 14 ], "name": "Francesco Forastiere" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "Lenka Foretova" }, { "affs": [ 16 ], "name": "Per Gustavsson", "orcid": "0000-0001-9423-9079" }, { "affs": [ 17 ], "name": "Vladimir Janout" }, { "affs": [ 18 ], "name": "Karl-Heinz Jöckel" }, { "affs": [ 19, 20, 21 ], "name": "Stefan Karrasch" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Benjamin Kendzia", "orcid": "0000-0002-8662-795X" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Hans Kromhout" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "Maria Teresa Landi", "orcid": "0000-0003-4507-329X" }, { "affs": [ 22 ], "name": "Jolanta Lissowska" }, { "affs": [ 23 ], "name": "Dana Mates", "orcid": "0000-0002-6219-9807" }, { "affs": [ 24 ], "name": "John R McLaughlin" }, { "affs": [ 25 ], "name": "Franco Merletti" }, { "affs": [ 25 ], "name": "Enrica Migliore" }, { "affs": [ 26 ], "name": "Tamás Pándics" }, { "affs": [ 27 ], "name": "Loredana Radoi" }, { "affs": [ 25 ], "name": "Lorenzo Richiardi", "orcid": "0000-0003-0316-9402" }, { "affs": [ 28 ], "name": "Miriam Schejbalova" }, { "affs": [ 29 ], "name": "Jack Siemiatycki" }, { "affs": [ 30 ], "name": "Beata Świątkowska" }, { "affs": [ 21, 31 ], "name": "Heinz-Erich Wichmann" }, { "affs": [ 32 ], "name": "David Zaridze", "orcid": "0000-0002-2824-3704" }, { "affs": [ 33, 34 ], "name": "Kurt Straif" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Susan Peters", "orcid": "0000-0001-5662-1971" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Roel Vermeulen", "orcid": "0000-0003-4082-8163" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1zja3wka12f5x.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1093/ije/dyag183", "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692792", "id": "1zja3wka12f5x", "issns": [ "0300-5771", "1464-3685" ], "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909464", "language": "eng", "licence": "CC-BY", "licence_label": "CC BY", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "hal", "0.sdv" ], [ "openalex", "2740|Occupational and environmental lung diseases" ] ], "openalex": "W7223291750", "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692792?pdf=render", "pmcid": "PMC13692792", "pmid": "42909464", "published": "2026-10-01", "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1zja3wka12f5x.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:14Z", "native_id": "MED:42909464", "source": "europepmc", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909464" }, { "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:20:52Z", "native_id": "hal-05850285", "source": "hal", "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05850285v1" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biology", "origin": "hal:0.sdv", "subfield": "general" } ], "title": "Data-driven exploration of occupations and lung cancer risks using regularized regression models.", "title_text": "Data-driven exploration of occupations and lung cancer risks using regularized regression models.", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:12Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1zja3wka12f5x", "venue": "International journal of epidemiology", "versions": [] }