{
  "abstract": "BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulates as two antigenically distinct subgroups, RSV-A and RSV-B, frequently alternating in seasonal predominance. Whether RSV subgroup predominance affects neutralizing immunity and how population immunity shapes subsequent subgroup dynamics, remains unclear. We analyzed multi-season RSV surveillance data and subgroup neutralizing antibody responses to characterize RSV-A/B neutralizing immunity across age groups and successive seasons.MethodsWe analyzed 41,899 respiratory samples collected through sentinel surveillance to characterize RSV-A and RSV-B circulation across five seasons (2021–2026). Subgroup neutralization was measured by live-virus neutralization assays in post-season serum samples from infants, children and adults.ResultsRSV-A and RSV-B alternated in seasonal predominance, with RSV-A predominating in 2021/22 and 2023/24, RSV-B in 2022/23 and 2025/26, with no clear predominance in 2024/25. In infants, the relative neutralizing activity against RSV-A and RSV-B differed across seasons, whereas adults maintained a balanced neutralizing activity against both subgroups. During the first three years of life, repeated exposure broadened antibody responses toward balanced subgroup neutralization. In the 2021/22, 2022/23, and 2024/25 seasons, lower neutralizing activity in infants was observed against the subgroup that predominated in the subsequent RSV epidemic.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that neutralizing immunity develops from initially subgroup-biased responses after primary RSV infection toward balanced RSV-A/B neutralization with repeated exposure. Subgroup neutralizing activity in infants varied in the context of alternating RSV-A and RSV-B predominance across successive epidemic seasons. These findings provide new insights into age-dependent and seasonally varying patterns of RSV-A/B neutralizing immunity and subgroup circulation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Brief Research Report",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "David N. Springer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Monika Redlberger-Fritz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christian Borsodi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stephan W. Aberle"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jeremy V. Camp"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karin Stiasny"
    },
    {
      "name": "Judith H. Aberle"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1zrgvj4eqd7e5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1980628",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1zrgvj4eqd7e5",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1980628",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "biology/immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1zrgvj4eqd7e5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T06:20:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1980628",
      "source": "feed-frontiers",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1980628"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1980628",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1980628/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "feed-journal:biology/immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development of RSV subgroup neutralizing immunity across consecutive seasons with alternating RSV-A and RSV-B predominance",
  "title_text": "Development of RSV subgroup neutralizing immunity across consecutive seasons with alternating RSV-A and RSV-B predominance",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1zrgvj4eqd7e5",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}