{
  "abstract": "BackgroundCircadian rhythm disturbances (CRDs) are transdiagnostic risk factors across mental disorders. We examined CRD-associated phenotypes, their heritability, and clinical, functional and genetic correlates, cross-sectionally, in young adults from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study.\n\nMethodsWe assessed 2,773 community-based participants (25.6{+/-}4.1 years; 57.8% female). Six CRD-associated phenotypes (seasonality, hypersomnia, social jetlag, delayed sleep, evening preference, sleep inertia) were included. Associations of CRD-load (number of CRDs) with clinical and functional outcomes, and with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for mental health, physical health, and sleep/circadian traits, were tested using linear, negative binomial, or logistic regression, with family-clustered standard errors. Heritability of CRD-phenotypes was estimated using structural equation modelling.\n\nResultsAlmost half the sample (49.2%) reported experiencing [≥]1 CRD-phenotype and 20.5% reported [≥]2. Four CRD-phenotypes (hypersomnia, social jetlag, delayed sleep, evening preference) were significantly heritable (h2=0.19-0.48). Higher CRD-load was associated with greater psychological distress ({beta}=0.96, p<0.001), more psychological symptoms (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=1.07-1.40), higher odds of a full-threshold mental disorder (OR=1.28, p<0.001), and greater functional impairment (days-in-bed, IRR=1.55; days-out-of-role, IRR=1.43). In genotyped participants (n=2,301), CRD-load was associated with mood-disorder PRS (major depression [OR=1.14, p=0.003] and bipolar disorder [OR=1.14, p=0.002]) but not PRSs for schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, neuroticism or anxiety. Trends towards increased PRSs for metabolic traits did not survive Bonferroni-correction.\n\nConclusionsCRD-load was associated with clinical symptoms, functional impairment, and mood-related genetic liability. These findings support further evaluation of brief assessments of circadian-associated phenotypes for identifying young people at greater clinical burden and informing circadian-focused prevention and early intervention strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 20,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. Shin"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Tonini"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. S. Carpenter"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. L. Mitchell"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. Couvy-Duchesne"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. H. Park"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Parker"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. M. Byrne"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Hockey"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Treneman"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. To"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Bhattacharya"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Shim"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. M. Scott"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. A. Gillespie"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. G. Martin"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Scott"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Medland"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Crouse"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. B. Hickie"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/20qb7btneeyy1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.13.26362400",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.13.26362400v1.full",
  "id": "20qb7btneeyy1",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.13.26362400v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "psychiatry and clinical psychology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3205|Sleep and related disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213304009",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.13.26362400v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/20qb7btneeyy1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:33Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.13.26362400",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.13.26362400v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:psychiatry and clinical psychology",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cumulative Indicators of Circadian Rhythm Disturbance and its Clinical, Functional and Genetic Correlates in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study",
  "title_text": "Cumulative Indicators of Circadian Rhythm Disturbance and its Clinical, Functional and Genetic Correlates in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/20qb7btneeyy1",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}