{
  "abstract": "Objective: Staffing needs for an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in the neonatal intensive care unit setting are undefined.\n\nStudy design: In an ASP collaborative of 29 California NICUs, we surveyed sites to determine full-time equivalents (FTE) for ASP implementation effort by clinical role, clinical acuity, patient volume, and other NICU characteristics.\n\nResults: 146 staff members performed ASP implementation, including neonatologists, nurses, hospitalists, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, information technology personnel, and infectious disease specialists. The 8-month preparation and 12-month intervention phases required a median (IQR) of 0.015 (0.011–0.025) and 0.071 (0.056–0.091) FTEs (0.6 and 2.8 hours per week), respectively. Neonatologists and nurses performed 43% and 19% of the workload, respectively; effort for site-level stewardship activities and collaborative learning dissemination varied 3.3-fold over the collaborative. Higher clinical acuity and patient volume were associated with higher neonatologist effort.\n\nConclusion: Driven by neonatologists and nurses, NICU ASP requires demonstrable effort, and staff needs vary considerably.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA",
    "RAND Corporation and Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA USA",
    "RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA USA",
    "Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA",
    "Division of Neonatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA",
    "Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cynthia L. Gong",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0159-1335"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nabeel Qureshi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Peter Mendel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Kurlen S. E. Payton",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2790-5849"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Henry C. Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8383-1720"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Kenneth M. Zangwill"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/20re67bgyav13.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41372-026-02758-y",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731124/",
  "id": "20re67bgyav13",
  "issns": [
    "0743-8346",
    "1476-5543"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02758-y",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Antibiotic Use and Resistance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7165530247",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02758-y.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731124",
  "pmid": "42332040",
  "published": "2026-06-22",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/20re67bgyav13.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:22Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13731124",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02758-y"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Antibiotic Use and Resistance",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in a multicenter neonatal intensive care unit collaborative: a mixed-methods staff resource needs evaluation",
  "title_text": "Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in a multicenter neonatal intensive care unit collaborative: a mixed-methods staff resource needs evaluation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/20re67bgyav13",
  "venue": "Journal of Perinatology",
  "versions": []
}