{
  "abstract": "We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate that a reduced spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) measurement using only the two lowest-order Hermite-Gaussian modes exhibits remarkable robustness against background noise in discriminating between a single source and two incoherent point sources. We establish a theoretical framework incorporating uniform background noise and derive an analytical Chernoff exponent expression, showing that SPADE consistently outperforms direct imaging (DI) across all source separations. Experimental results confirm that SPADE-based hypothesis testing approaches the quantum limit even when the background-to-signal photon ratio per pixel is 0.11. This advantage stems from SPADE's ability to concentrate source information into minimal detection modes, reducing the cumulative background noise impact. Our findings provide a practical detection scheme for applications where background noise is inevitable, such as astronomical observations and quantum sensing.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Journal reference: Optics Express 34, 42072 (2026)",
  "arxiv": "2608.01765",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Jian-Qiang Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chao-Ning Hu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jun Xin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiao-Ming Lu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/213nws4p3g2bf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.01765",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "213nws4p3g2bf",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01765",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.01765",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/213nws4p3g2bf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:04Z",
      "native_id": "2608.01765",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01765"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Noise-robust discrimination of incoherent point sources with spatial-mode demultiplexing",
  "title_text": "Noise-robust discrimination of incoherent point sources with spatial-mode demultiplexing",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T15:20:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/213nws4p3g2bf",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1364/oe.613406",
      "pid": "3rx4cr55rw8ct",
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": "Noise-robust discrimination of incoherent point sources with spatial-mode demultiplexing",
      "venue": "Optics Express"
    }
  ]
}