{
  "abstract": "How mammals mount an effective immune response against infectious agents remains unresolved. Here we identify microbial adhesion to myeloid cells as a critical initiating event that precedes pattern recognition receptor (PRR) engagement. Using a skin infection model with pathogenic bacteria and fungi, we demonstrate that neutrophil recruitment occurs in two sequential phases. The early phase is PRR-independent and instead driven by microbial adhesion, which engages the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 to promote leukotriene (LT)B4 production. Together with interleukin-1α, LTB4 induces CXCL1 release, triggering neutrophil infiltration via the same circuit at play during sterile inflammation. By contrast, the late phase is toll-like receptor (TLR)- and CXCL2-dependent, marking a transition to the canonical, pathogen-driven response. Our findings uncover microbial adhesion as a previously unrecognized danger signal that activates innate immunity via mechanotransduction, revealing a paradigm of how immune responses to infection are initiated.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan, Italy",
    "Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy",
    "Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy",
    "San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy",
    "Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Giulia Stucchi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marco Galli",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-7355-5762"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Stefano Cozzi",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-3066-3286"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anna Celant",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-8273-8004"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Laura Marongiu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe Rocca",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4825-6748"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Colnaghi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria Rita Chelazzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alessandra Polissi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alessandra Maria Martorana"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Giampiero Pietrocola"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marina Vai",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1729-2321"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ivan Orlandi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5799-3213"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Renato Ostuni",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0460-3426"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Simona Barresi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Angelo Lombardo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Metello Innocenti",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7455-2559"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Granucci",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7046-4914"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2248tc3md2ddf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41590-026-02643-y",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710176/",
  "id": "2248tc3md2ddf",
  "issns": [
    "1529-2908",
    "1529-2916"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02643-y",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Immune Response and Inflammation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171755321",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02643-y.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13710176",
  "pmid": "42717253",
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2248tc3md2ddf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:11Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13710176",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02643-y"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|Immune Response and Inflammation",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Microbial adhesion promotes Piezo1 activation to initiate innate immunity",
  "title_text": "Microbial adhesion promotes Piezo1 activation to initiate innate immunity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2248tc3md2ddf",
  "venue": "Nature Immunology",
  "versions": []
}