{
  "abstract": "Toponymic records embedded in Arabic, Persian, and Chinese manuscript traditions provide evidence for reconstructing the historical geographies of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. This review uses a structured narrative and conceptual-synthesis methodology to compare place-name transmission across languages, scripts, manuscript genres, and political regimes. A diachronic framework separates pre-Islamic external attestations, medieval Arabic-Persian documentation, early-modern cartography, imperial and Soviet standardisation, and post-Soviet renaming rather than treating linguistic layers as synchronous. Direct evidence from the five-state core is distinguished from supporting evidence from neighbouring transmission corridors and comparative regions. Micro-cases of Koneurgenish/Gurganj, Dargan/Dargan-Ata, hydronymic compounds, and political renaming are combined with explicit cross-script harmonisation rules and spatial-chronological triangulation. Toponymy is operationalised as a sociopolitical knowledge infrastructure when names function as repeatable identifiers linking routes, jurisdictions, administrative records, gazetteers, and maps. Digital approaches extend this framework through georeferenced historical gazetteers, variant-name alignment, route modelling, and confidence-ranked reconstruction. Reliable interpretation depends on preserving source provenance, separating transliteration from phonological reconstruction, and distinguishing linguistic change from administrative replacement.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Kazakh Philology, Faculty of Philology and Sports, Sh. Yessenov Caspian University of Technologies and Engineering, Aktau, Kazakhstan.",
    "Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Pedagogy, Yessenov University, Aktau, Kazakhstan.",
    "Department of Archaeology and Ethnology, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan.",
    "Department of Oriental Studies, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan.",
    "Department of Kazakh Linguistics, Faculty of Philology, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan.",
    "Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bibaisha Iliasovna Nurdauletova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sholpan Saparbaikyzy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zhambyl Omarovish Artykbaev"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tursynkhan Zakonuly Kairken"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Saltanat Spatayeva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth Shilunga"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22exh8e2sptqv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fsoc.2026.1876337",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13714504",
  "id": "22exh8e2sptqv",
  "issns": [
    "2297-7775"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953384",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1203|Linguistics and Cultural Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221798764",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13714504?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13714504",
  "pmid": "42953384",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22exh8e2sptqv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953384",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953384"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:21:59Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13714504",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1876337"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Toponymic knowledge infrastructures in five-state Middle Asia: linguistic transformation, manuscript cartography, and historical-geographical reconstruction.",
  "title_text": "Toponymic knowledge infrastructures in five-state Middle Asia: linguistic transformation, manuscript cartography, and historical-geographical reconstruction.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:21:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22exh8e2sptqv",
  "venue": "Frontiers in sociology",
  "versions": []
}