{
  "abstract": "Repeated steady-state groundwater solves for calibration and uncertainty analysis are often limited by runtime. We present DarcyWarp, a graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated geometric multigrid solver for two-dimensional, steady-state, single-layer groundwater flow using a fixed-transmissivity formulation on structured grids. DarcyWarp implements an explicit cell-integrated five-point finite-difference operator and multigrid cycle as Python kernels just in time compiled for GPU execution with NVIDIA Warp, and supports areal source/sink terms, prescribed head, no-flow, and general-head boundaries. Validation against a sparse finite-difference direct solve and MODFLOW 6 on matched grids shows close head agreement, consistent residuals, and mass-balance closure. Benchmarks span matched-grid single-instance cases from 1 0 4 to 9 × 1 0 6 active cells and two 48-case repeated-solve ensembles. DarcyWarp reaches about 70 times end-to-end speedup over MODFLOW 6 in the single-instance suite and order-of-magnitude throughput gains in ensembles, enabling reproducible repeated-solve workflows on commodity GPUs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Durney",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-7554"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jaco Fourie",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7734-8262"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22hynrasr50rk.bib",
  "cited_by": 6,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.107081",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "22hynrasr50rk",
  "issns": [
    "1364-8152",
    "1873-6726"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.107081",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2305|Groundwater flow and contamination studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7165518703",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815226002288/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-22",
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22hynrasr50rk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:58Z",
      "native_id": "W7165518703",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.107081"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2305|Groundwater flow and contamination studies",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "DarcyWarp: A graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated multigrid solver for repeated 2D fixed-transmissivity groundwater solves validated against reference solvers",
  "title_text": "DarcyWarp: A graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated multigrid solver for repeated 2D fixed-transmissivity groundwater solves validated against reference solvers",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T13:20:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22hynrasr50rk",
  "venue": "Environmental Modelling & Software",
  "versions": []
}