{
  "abstract": "Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between impulsivity and adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in euthymic patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) Type I.\n\nMethods: One hundred and eleven outpatients diagnosed with BD Type I according to DSM-5 criteria, scoring ≤7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and ≤5 on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and in remission for at least two months were included. Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) and ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Associations were evaluated with Spearman correlation analysis with Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction, and hierarchical multivariable linear regression. Sensitivity analyses addressed item-content overlap, influential observations, and medication effects.\n\nResults: A strong positive correlation was found between BIS-11 total and ASRS total scores (ρ=0.722; q<0.001); the ASRS Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity subscales were themselves moderately intercorrelated (ρ=0.600; p<0.001). Only 18.9% of patients scored ≥72 on the BIS-11 (clinically significant range) and 28.8% screened positive on ASRS Part A. In the final regression model, ASRS total score was the strongest independent predictor of BIS-11 total score (B = 0.734; β=0.676; p<0.001), together with Young Mania Rating Scale score (β=0.170; p=0.018; R ² =0.573), an association that strengthened after excluding influential observations and after dichotomization (both p<0.01); variance inflation factors (1.04–2.61) indicated no multicollinearity. Both ASRS subscales remained independent predictors in subscale analysis (Hyperactivity-Impulsivity β=0.436; Inattention β=0.317; both p<0.001). The association persisted after removing shared item content (ρ=0.605; p<0.001), excluding influential observations, and adjusting for treatment regimen.\n\nConclusion: In euthymic BD Type I patients, self-reported impulsivity showed a strong, independent association with self-reported adult ADHD symptom burden, particularly the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension, robust across sensitivity analyses. Because ADHD symptoms were assessed only by self-report screening, without a structured diagnostic interview, and because the design is cross-sectional, these findings reflect a symptom-level, not diagnostic, association and do not establish causality. They nonetheless support considering ADHD symptoms in the routine clinical evaluation of euthymic BD Type I patients.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tülay Sati Kirkan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nazan Dolapoglu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22ja05kx4baqy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1916550",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13693423",
  "id": "22ja05kx4baqy",
  "issns": [
    "1664-0640"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1916550/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Bipolar Disorder and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221123051",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13693423?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13693423",
  "pmid": "42921486",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22ja05kx4baqy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:18Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1916550",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1916550/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42921486",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921486"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Bipolar Disorder and Treatment",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The relationship between impulsive behaviors and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in bipolar disorder",
  "title_text": "The relationship between impulsive behaviors and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in bipolar disorder",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22ja05kx4baqy",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Psychiatry",
  "versions": []
}