{ "abstract": "Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients from extragalactic sources. Their frequency and polarization properties are affected by plasma and magnetic fields along the line of sight to Earth. We report radio observations of FRB 20240304B and near-infrared follow-up to identify its host galaxy. The host is a low-mass, clumpy, star-forming galaxy at redshift 2.148 ± 0.0013, corresponding to 3 billion years after the Big Bang. This FRB occurred during the peak of cosmic star formation and probes ionized gas over approximately 80% of cosmic history. The highly scattered burst emission implies that there is a population of FRBs that are undetected by current surveys.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Australian Research Council, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "JWST Australian Data Centre, Swinburne Advanced Manufacturing and Design Centre, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK", "Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands", "Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, Netherlands", "Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA", "Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan", "Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwanoha, Japan", "Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK", "University of California Observatories, Santa Cruz, CA, USA", "Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA", "International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Environment and Space, Space Sciences Observatories, University of Orleans, National Center for Scientific Research, National Center for Space Studies, Observatoire de Paris, Orleans, France", "Department of Physics, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania", "Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA", "Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa", "Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA", "Astrophysics and Space Technologies Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Australia Telescope National Facility, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Epping, New South Wales, Australia", "Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in Three Dimensions, Australian Research Council, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 28, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Manisha Caleb", "orcid": "0000-0002-4079-4648" }, { "affs": [ 2, 3, 1 ], "name": "Themiya Nanayakkara", "orcid": "0000-0003-2804-0648" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "B. W. Stappers", "orcid": "0000-0001-9242-7041" }, { "affs": [ 5, 4, 6 ], "name": "Inés Pastor-Marazuela", "orcid": "0000-0002-4357-8027" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "Ilya S. Khrykin", "orcid": "0000-0003-0574-7421" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Karl Glazebrook", "orcid": "0000-0002-3254-9044" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "Nicolás Tejos", "orcid": "0000-0002-1883-4252" }, { "affs": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "name": "Jason Xavier Prochaska", "orcid": "0000-0002-7738-6875" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Kaustubh M. Rajwade", "orcid": "0000-0002-8043-6909" }, { "affs": [ 8, 12 ], "name": "Lluís Mas-Ribas", "orcid": "0000-0003-4584-8841" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Laura Driessen", "orcid": "0000-0002-4405-3273" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Wen‐fai Fong", "orcid": "0000-0002-7374-935X" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Alexa C. Gordon", "orcid": "0000-0002-5025-4645" }, { "affs": [ 14 ], "name": "Jordan Luke Hoffmann", "orcid": "0009-0001-6463-3080" }, { "affs": [ 14 ], "name": "Clancy William James", "orcid": "0000-0002-6437-6176" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "F. Jankowski", "orcid": "0000-0002-6658-2811" }, { "affs": [ 8, 16 ], "name": "Lordrick Kahinga", "orcid": "0009-0007-5296-4046" }, { "affs": [ 4, 17 ], "name": "M. Krämer", "orcid": "0000-0002-4175-2271" }, { "affs": [ 13, 18 ], "name": "Sunil Simha", "orcid": "0000-0003-3801-1496" }, { "affs": [ 17 ], "name": "E D Barr", "orcid": "0000-0001-8715-9628" }, { "affs": [ 19 ], "name": "M C Bezuidenhout", "orcid": "0000-0001-9541-7439" }, { "affs": [ 20 ], "name": "Xihan Deng", "orcid": "0009-0006-8344-8266" }, { "affs": [ 20 ], "name": "Zeren Lin", "orcid": "0009-0001-7405-1228" }, { "affs": [ 21, 22, 23, 24 ], "name": "Lachlan Marnoch", "orcid": "0000-0003-1483-0147" }, { "affs": [ 20 ], "name": "D. Christopher Martin", "orcid": "0000-0002-8650-1644" }, { "affs": [ 25 ], "name": "Anya E. Nugent", "orcid": "0000-0002-2028-9329" }, { "affs": [ 22, 0, 1 ], "name": "Kavya Shaji", "orcid": "0009-0003-7685-183X" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "J Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-1914-877X" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22wvh1bpxb27r.bib", "cited_by": 32, "doi": "10.1126/science.adz2675", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "22wvh1bpxb27r", "issns": [ "0036-8075", "0193-4511", "1095-9203" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz2675", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY", "licence_label": "CC BY", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "3103|Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae" ] ], "openalex": "W7220905772", "pdf_url": null, "pmcid": null, "pmid": "42848911", "published": "2026-10-08", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22wvh1bpxb27r.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:02Z", "native_id": "W7220905772", "source": "openalex", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz2675" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "astronomy", "origin": "openalex:3103|Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae", "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics" } ], "title": "A fast radio burst at redshift 2, three billion years after the Big Bang", "title_text": "A fast radio burst at redshift 2, three billion years after the Big Bang", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:01Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/22wvh1bpxb27r", "venue": "Science", "versions": [] }