{
  "abstract": "We iteratively model the GWTC-5.0 binary-black-hole census with three components. First, a physically normalized population from Rapster globular-cluster simulations spans cluster mass, metallicity, formation redshift, compactness, and natal black-hole spin. Hierarchical mergers reproduce higher-mass events and their larger effective-spin dispersion, provided black holes are born with zero natal spin. Second, a phenomenological field (isolated-binary) channel supplies the low-mass, preferentially aligned population. Its inclusion flattens the cluster compactness likelihood, permitting ordinary dense globular-cluster birth radii without requiring nuclear-cluster-like conditions. Finally, residual tension at $15$--$30 M_\\odot$ motivates an intermediate-mass isotropic component representing field remnants reprocessed in clusters. This is a hypothesis, not a detection: current numerical support precludes a reliable evidence comparison. Physical normalization converts the high-mass rate into $\\hat{f}_{\\rm GC}\\simeq0.39\\%$, with local rates $R_{\\rm cl}\\simeq9.1$ and $R_{\\rm field}\\simeq16.0$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$. The model predicts linked mass-spectrum breaks near $35$ and $70 M_\\odot$, a $q\\simeq0.5$ feature from first-plus-second-generation pairings, and a symmetric effective-spin distribution that broadens sharply above $45 M_\\odot$. These correlated, mass-resolved predictions can be tested as the gravitational-wave census grows.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.05996",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "R. O'Shaughnessy"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Mechum"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Qazalbash"
    },
    {
      "name": "Z. Rosenberg"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Zeeshan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/23gtaqsn5wky6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.05996",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "23gtaqsn5wky6",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05996",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211990837",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05996",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/23gtaqsn5wky6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:48Z",
      "native_id": "2609.05996",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05996"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Physics-based phenomenological modeling of binary black hole hierarchical formation 1: Synthetic universes from globular cluster simulations for GWTC",
  "title_text": "Physics-based phenomenological modeling of binary black hole hierarchical formation 1: Synthetic universes from globular cluster simulations for GWTC",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/23gtaqsn5wky6",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}