{
  "abstract": "We study the three-dimensional active Potts model (APM) on a cubic lattice with 2, 4, and 6 orientational states. The steady-state phase diagrams exhibit low-density gaseous, high-density polar liquid, and liquid--gas coexistence phases, with the phase behavior controlled by density, temperature, and propulsion speed and retaining the main features of the previously studied two-dimensional APM. At weak propulsion, the dense phase forms a slab perpendicular to its direction of motion. With increasing propulsion speed, this morphology persists for the 2-state model, whereas the dense phases for 4 and 6 states reorient and propagate along their longitudinal direction. For the 6-state model, the reoriented dense phase further develops a cylindrical morphology. We also examine the stability of polar liquids against artificially introduced droplets using microscopic simulations and coarse-grained hydrodynamic equations. At high propulsion speeds, counter-propagating droplets can partially modify the initial polar state, while transverse droplets can completely alter it, demonstrating the metastable nature of polar liquids in the three-dimensional active Potts model.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.37436",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Aditya Kumar Dutta"
    },
    {
      "name": "Raja Paul"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/24em16m4vwv6a.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.37436",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "24em16m4vwv6a",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.37436",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.stat-mech"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3104|Micro and Nano Robotics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214981453",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.37436",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/24em16m4vwv6a.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:31Z",
      "native_id": "2609.37436",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.37436"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.stat-mech",
      "subfield": "statistical-nonlinear"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Phase separation, morphology, and metastability in the three-dimensional active Potts model",
  "title_text": "Phase separation, morphology, and metastability in the three-dimensional active Potts model",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/24em16m4vwv6a",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}