{
  "abstract": "The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light provides a new approach to probing gravitational waves (GWs) through transitions between OAM states. Here, we assess the detectability of an OAM-based GW detector by developing a readout scheme and evaluating its noise budget over the frequency range from $1~\\mathrm{mHz}$ to $100~\\mathrm{Hz}$, including laser-intensity noise, laser-phase noise, mode-impurity noise, and shot noise. For a symmetric superposition OAM state, the GW-induced transition amplitudes satisfy $α_+=-α_-^*$, whereas the noise-induced mode-crosstalk coefficients obey $n_+=n_-^*$. Hence, the GW-induced signal forms a differential-mode contribution, while laser-intensity and mode-impurity noises enter as common-mode contributions, enabling their suppression by the balanced detection. Under a fixed beam-waist constraint, a shorter arm permits a larger paraxial parameter, reducing the equivalent angular-noise strain sensitivity. We adopt an arm length of $L=4\\,\\mathrm{m}$, $N=160$ round trips, a paraxial parameter of $γ=0.1$, a laser power incident on the beam splitter of $P_{\\mathrm{BS}}=10\\,\\mathrm{kW}$, and a wavelength of $λ_{\\mathrm{opt}}=1064\\,\\mathrm{nm}$. Using representative noise spectra, we find that, for GWs from an equal-mass binary black hole with source-frame component masses of $M_{\\mathrm{src}}=10^{4}\\,M_{\\odot}$ at redshift $z=1$, balanced detection yields an SNR of $24.7$ for an imbalance parameter of $ε=10^{-3}$ and $239$ for $ε=10^{-5}$, with the sensitivity approaching the shot-noise limit in the latter case. These results highlight the importance of a compact optical configuration and strong common-mode rejection for realizing an OAM-based GW detector.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2611.00085",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Haorong Wu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xilong Fan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/24j7w13ntpca8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2611.00085",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "24j7w13ntpca8",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00085",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.IM"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ins-det"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2611.00085",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/24j7w13ntpca8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:20:59Z",
      "native_id": "2611.00085",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00085"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    },
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.IM",
      "subfield": "instrumentation-methods"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ins-det",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Detectability of an orbital-angular-momentum-based gravitational wave detector",
  "title_text": "Detectability of an orbital-angular-momentum-based gravitational wave detector",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T15:20:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/24j7w13ntpca8",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}