{
  "abstract": "We report on the crystal growth, polarized spectroscopy, and laser operation of monoclinic Tm 3+ , Na + (Li + ) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO 4 ) crystals. The Li + codoping with an optimized Tm/Li ratio enables almost complete local charge compensation leading to better crystal quality, higher Tm segregation coefficient, and longer luminescence lifetime and ultimately the demonstration of laser operation. The modified Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the Tm 3+ transition probabilities yielding a radiative lifetime of the 3 F 4 state of 2.59 ms. The corresponding intensity parameters are Ω 2 = 5.194, Ω 4 = 0.658, Ω 6 = 0.471 [10 −20 cm 2 ] and α = 0.110 [10 −4 cm]. Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm owing to a large total Stark splitting of the ground-state, Δ E ( 3 H 6 ) = 644 cm −1 . The stimulated-emission cross-section in this spectral range reaches 0.47 × 10 −20 cm 2 at 2015 nm for light polarization E || N p . The continuous-wave Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 laser generated 282 mW at 1.98 μm with a slope efficiency of 14.7 %, and laser emission at 2.03 μm was also achieved. • Czochralski growth of monoclinic Tm 3+ , Na + (Li + ) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO 4 ). • Li + codoping provides higher Tm 3+ segregation and longer luminescence lifetime. • Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm. • The stimulated-emission cross-section is 0.47 × 10 −20 cm 2 at 2015 nm. • First continuous-wave laser operation of Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 crystal at 2 μm is demonstrated.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 20,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ghassen Zin Elabedine"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kirill Subbotin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pavel Loiko"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhongben Pan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kirill Eremeev"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yulia Zimina"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yana Didenko"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sergei Pavlov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anatoly Titov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elena Dunina"
    },
    {
      "name": "Liudmila Fomicheva"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aleksey Kornienko"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alain Braud"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rosa Maria Solé"
    },
    {
      "name": "Magdalena Aguiló"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francesc Díaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weidong Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pavel Volkov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Valentin Petrov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xavier Mateos"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/256xqznc4ep9e.bib",
  "cited_by": 5,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116039",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "256xqznc4ep9e",
  "issns": [
    "0925-3467",
    "1873-1252"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05762861v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.phys"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Solid State Laser Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4402294539",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-24",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/256xqznc4ep9e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:40Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05762861",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05762861v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "hal:0.phys",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Growth, spectroscopy and 2 μm laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+:ZnWO4 crystal",
  "title_text": "Growth, spectroscopy and 2 μm laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+:ZnWO4 crystal",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/256xqznc4ep9e",
  "venue": "Optical Materials",
  "versions": []
}