{
  "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) trajectories are widely used to describe cognitive decline in dementia, but estimates may be sensitive to cohort structure, follow‐up density, and modeling assumptions. We compared subtype‐specific MMSE trajectories across two complementary longitudinal data resources.\n\nMETHODS: The analyzed data were from the Swedish Registry for Cognitive/Dementia Disorders (SveDem) and the U.S. National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). Participants were included with at least two valid cognitive assessments separated by ≥ 90 days. The final cohorts included 30,115 SveDem participants and 33,429 NACC participants. Subtype‐stratified regression‐spline generalized additive mixed models and linear mixed‐effects models were fitted with adjustment for demographic and clinical covariates.\n\nRESULTS: Compared with NACC, SveDem participants were older (median age 79 vs. 72 years), had lower baseline MMSE scores (22.3 ± 4.2 vs. 26.5 ± 4.6), and had shorter follow‐up (median 1.9 vs. 3.2 years; mean cognitive assessments 2.9 vs. 4.5). Shared dementia subtypes showed broadly similar relative decline patterns across cohorts. In regression‐spline models, Alzheimer's disease showed faster estimated annualized decline than vascular dementia in both SveDem (−0.79 vs. −0.49 MMSE points/year) and NACC (−1.22 vs. −0.24 points/year). Lewy body dementias and frontotemporal dementia showed intermediate but less consistent patterns. Absolute decline estimates varied by model specification, particularly where later follow‐up was sparse.\n\nDISCUSSION: Relative subtype‐specific MMSE decline patterns were broadly reproducible, whereas absolute long‐horizon estimates required cautious interpretation. These cross‐cohort reference patterns may support future dementia epidemiology studies using MMSE trajectories to compare subtypes, examine clinical factors or evaluate treatment‐related associations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden",
    "Department of Information Science and Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden",
    "Department of Mathematics KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden",
    "Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden",
    "Faculty of Public Health University of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam",
    "Department of Women's and Children's Health Division of Clinical Paediatrics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden",
    "Aging and Inflammation Theme Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xinqi Bao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7117-1267"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Belén García Pascual"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eirik Blakstad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jakob Norgren",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1352-9256"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tamar Abzhandadze"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nanbo Zhu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3501-1351"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Minh Tuan Hoang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Saikat Chatterjee",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3509-7300"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Martina Scolamiero"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Maria Eriksdotter"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hong Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Sara Garcia Ptacek"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/25nzyck9qeypc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/dad2.70531",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722606/",
  "id": "25nzyck9qeypc",
  "issns": [
    "2352-8729"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70531",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7224999053",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/dad2.70531",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722606",
  "pmid": "42967021",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/25nzyck9qeypc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722606",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70531"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Mini‐Mental State Examination trajectories across dementia subtypes in the Swedish Registry for Cognitive/Dementia Disorders and U.S. National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center",
  "title_text": "Mini‐Mental State Examination trajectories across dementia subtypes in the Swedish Registry for Cognitive/Dementia Disorders and U.S. National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:21:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/25nzyck9qeypc",
  "venue": "Alzheimer's & Dementia : Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring",
  "versions": []
}