{
  "abstract": "We initiate the study of gravitational-wave lensing in the wave-optics regime within modified gravity. We consider a phenomenological setup in which the gravitational-wave amplitude obeys a curvature-coupled propagation equation. This framework reproduces the standard GR behaviour in the geometric-optics regime, while leading to qualitatively different infrared dynamics. In particular, the usual argument implying that the amplification factor approaches unity in the zero-frequency limit no longer applies. This is due to the persistence of curvature-induced interactions in the infrared, which modify the natural propagation basis itself. As a result, the standard Fresnel treatment ceases to be valid at sufficiently low frequency. The correct infrared regime is instead controlled by an interacting static Green function, with a finite-frequency completion provided by a partial-wave formulation. We show that this structure admits an equivalent distorted-wave interpretation, in which the curvature interaction is absorbed into a dressed reference propagation basis, while the residual lensing effect is encoded in finite-frequency phase shifts. We further demonstrate that these phenomena admit a natural interpretation in the language of scattering amplitudes. Wave-optics lensing can therefore probe propagation-level departures from GR that remain entirely invisible in geometric optics.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Journal reference: Phys. Rev. D 114, 064059, 2026",
  "arxiv": "2605.21584",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Alice Garoffolo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gianmassimo Tasinato"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/25r436scjgae3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2605.21584",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "25r436scjgae3",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21584",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.CO"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-th"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.21584",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/25r436scjgae3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "2605.21584",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21584"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.CO",
      "subfield": "cosmology"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-th",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Wave-optics gravitational wave lensing in modified gravity",
  "title_text": "Wave-optics gravitational wave lensing in modified gravity",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/25r436scjgae3",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1103/smzt-5v1s",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}