{
  "abstract": "Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumors worldwide, with a high incidence and a certain mortality. At present, there is a lack of sufficient research on the factors influencing the prognosis of SCC. This study aimed to develop prognostic nomograms for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in a heterogeneous, nonmetastatics SCC population and to evaluate their internal performance.\n\nMethods: Data for this retrospective cohort study were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for 2010–2017. Patients aged 15–89 years with pathologically confirmed SCC [International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) histology codes 8070–8078] and harmonized M0 disease were included after excluding distant Summary Stage, recorded organ metastases, and unknown or unmappable tumor (T) or node (N) categories. The cohort was split 70:30 into training and internal validation sets. Multivariable Cox models incorporated age using restricted cubic splines, and performance was assessed using Harrell’s C-index and calibration at 1, 3, and 5 years.\n\nResults: A total of 84,208 patients were included, comprising lung and bronchus SCC (n=34,798; 41.3%), head and neck SCC (n=26,166; 31.1%), anal/anorectal SCC (n=6,177; 7.3%), esophageal SCC (n=2,976; 3.5%), and other anatomical sites (n=14,091; 16.7%); no cutaneous SCC was included. The training and validation cohorts contained 58,944 and 25,264 patients, respectively. In the validation cohort, the C-index was 0.720 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.716–0.724] for OS and 0.738 (95% CI: 0.733–0.743) for CSS. Calibration slopes were 1.016 (95% CI: 0.995–1.037) for OS and 1.006 (95% CI: 0.982–1.031) for CSS, with modest local deviations. Global proportional hazards tests were significant for both endpoints.\n\nConclusions: The revised nomograms showed moderate discrimination and close overall internal calibration in a nonmetastatic SCC cohort. They should be considered hypothesis-generating prognostic tools that require prospective and external validation before routine clinical use.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ying Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhixiong Chen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/26ard7rbhvmkg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21037/tcr-2026-1846",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13743229/",
  "id": "26ard7rbhvmkg",
  "issns": [
    "2218-676X",
    "2219-6803"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-2026-1846",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Global Cancer Incidence and Screening"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224104935",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13743229",
  "pmid": "42997893",
  "published": "2026-09-28",
  "publisher": "AME Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/26ard7rbhvmkg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T12:23:55Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13743229",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-2026-1846"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Global Cancer Incidence and Screening",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Nomograms predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database",
  "title_text": "Nomograms predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:23:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/26ard7rbhvmkg",
  "venue": "Translational Cancer Research",
  "versions": []
}