{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To elucidate the genetic architecture of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during early life and assess their potential relevance to adult health outcomes. METHODS: The largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses to date of childhood systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure (n = 28 425) and HR (n = 22 565) were conducted in children of European ancestry aged 4-17 years. Follow-up analyses included comparisons with adult GWAS results, polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses in independent cohorts of diverse ancestries, and a phenome-wide association study in the UK Biobank. RESULTS: Eight genome-wide significant loci were identified for childhood BP (KIAA2013, CACNB2, PLCE1, PAX2, COL4A2, RP11-236L14.1, CFDP1, TPX2) and three loci for childhood HR (CCDC141, ACHE, MYH6); all novel in children but previously reported in adults. Childhood PRSs explained up to 1.6% of BP variance and 5.2% of HR variance among children of European ancestry. Genetic correlations between childhood and adulthood BP traits were moderate (rg = 0.4-0.7), suggesting age-specific genetic effects on BP. In the UK Biobank, higher childhood BP PRS levels were significantly associated with a broad range of adult health outcomes, particularly cardiometabolic outcomes such as hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular disease-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings advance the understanding of the genetic architecture of childhood BP and HR and provide compelling genetic evidence linking childhood BP to a broad spectrum of adult health outcomes-particularly cardiometabolic conditions-which may inform targeted prevention strategies from a young age.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 89,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Tian Xie"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alireza Ani"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ahmad Vaez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilja Nolte"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shaoyong Su"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mami Ishikuro"
    },
    {
      "name": "Siqi Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wenbo Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ana Goncalves Soares"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ehsan Motazedi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lucinda Calas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Justiina Ronkainen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Casper-Emil Pedersen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xueling Lu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sara Stinson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Janine Felix"
    },
    {
      "name": "Evelina Stankevic"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carol Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elisabeth Thiering"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dietmar Fernández"
    },
    {
      "name": "Beatriz Calvo-Serra"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maria Stathopoulou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ruby Fore"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ashish Kumar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Johanna Tuhkanen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jose Ramon Bilbao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jesus Ibarluzea"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aaron Isaacs"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cilius Esmann Fonvig"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fernando Rivadeneira"
    },
    {
      "name": "Morten Asp Vonsild Lund"
    },
    {
      "name": "Louise Aas Holm"
    },
    {
      "name": "Peter van der Most"
    },
    {
      "name": "Harriëtte Riese"
    },
    {
      "name": "Akira Narita"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gen Tamiya"
    },
    {
      "name": "Claudia Flexeder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rikstje Wiersma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Argoty-Pantoja"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rebecca Vinding"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tine Willum Hansen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thomas Kümler"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marisa Estarlich"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mariona Bustamante"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wen Lun Yuan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anne Boland-Augé"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jean-François Deleuze"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexandros Petrelis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sheryl Rifas-Shiman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eero Kajantie"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nora Fernandez-Jimenez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Loreto Santa-Marina"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilja Arts"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jari Lahti"
    },
    {
      "name": "Timo Strandberg"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inger Kull"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Bergström"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marie-France Hivert"
    },
    {
      "name": "Klaus Bønnelykke"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shinichi Kuriyama"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/27hk6tpzrkb2k.bib",
  "cited_by": 3,
  "doi": "10.1093/eurheartj/ehag313",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "27hk6tpzrkb2k",
  "issns": [
    "0195-668X",
    "1522-9645"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05761103v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
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      "hal",
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    [
      "openalex",
      "1311|Genetic Associations and Epidemiology"
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  "openalex": "W7155947415",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": "42036355",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/27hk6tpzrkb2k.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:39Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05761103",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05761103v1"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:0.sdv",
      "subfield": "general"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.spee",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
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  ],
  "title": "Genetic determinants of childhood blood pressure and heart rate in relation to adult health outcomes: the consortium of childhood blood pressure",
  "title_text": "Genetic determinants of childhood blood pressure and heart rate in relation to adult health outcomes: the consortium of childhood blood pressure",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:39Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/27hk6tpzrkb2k",
  "venue": "European Heart Journal",
  "versions": []
}