{
  "abstract": "The global rise in allergic diseases necessitates safer and more effective therapeutic approaches. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei KW3110 (KW3110) exhibits potent interleukin-12 (IL-12)-inducing and anti-allergic effects. In this study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of KW3110-induced IL-12 production using the macrophage-like differentiated THP-1 cell line and primary human macrophages differentiated from monocytes isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Phagocytosis of KW3110 was demonstrated using pH-sensitive fluorescent labelling. A strong positive correlation between phagocytic uptake and IL-12 production was observed, and inhibition of phagocytosis abolished the induction of IL-12 production. Nucleic acids purified from KW3110 induced dose-dependent IL-12 production, and enzymatic digestion revealed that single-stranded RNA, but not double-stranded RNA or DNA, was essential for this induction. RNase A treatment of KW3110 itself abolished IL-12 production, and chloroquine inhibition of endosomal maturation suppressed the response. Using selective antagonists, we demonstrated that IL-12 production induced by KW3110 and its RNA was mediated primarily via endosomal Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). In a coculture of human naïve CD4+ T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages, macrophages stimulated with KW3110 induced interferon-gamma-producing T cells and suppressed T helper 2 (Th2)-associated cytokines. These results suggest that KW3110 promotes IL-12 production via TLR8 in human macrophages and enhances Th1 immunity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Keita OCHIAI"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kana WATANABE"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shinya NANAUMI"
    },
    {
      "name": "Masaya KANAYAMA"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/27j1d5sd8qzd3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.12938/bmfh.2025-075",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bmfh/advpub/0/advpub_2025-075/_article",
  "id": "27j1d5sd8qzd3",
  "issns": [
    "2186-3342"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bmfh/advpub/0/advpub_2025-075/_article",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "jstage-journal",
      "biology/microbiology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1106|Probiotics and Fermented Foods"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213205866",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bmfh/advpub/0/advpub_2025-075/_pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/27j1d5sd8qzd3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
      "native_id": "10.12938/bmfh.2025-075",
      "source": "jstage",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bmfh/advpub/0/advpub_2025-075/_article"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "jstage-journal:biology/microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lacticaseibacillus paracasei KW3110 induces interleukin-12 production via Toll-like receptor 8 in human macrophages and exerts immunomodulatory effects",
  "title_text": "Lacticaseibacillus paracasei KW3110 induces interleukin-12 production via Toll-like receptor 8 in human macrophages and exerts immunomodulatory effects",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/27j1d5sd8qzd3",
  "venue": "Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health",
  "versions": []
}