{
  "abstract": "Galeola nudifolia is a medicinal orchid recognized as a valuable source of structurally diverse natural products with potential therapeutic applications. Its chemical composition and biological activities remain largely unexplored, particularly with respect to anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Bioassay-guided investigation of the non-polar fractions of G. nudifolia fruits led to the isolation of six new compounds, including three benzylresorcinol (1-3) and three benzylstilbene (4-6) derivatives, together with thirteen known compounds (7-19). Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including HR-ESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The anti-neuroinflammatory activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production. Compounds 1-6 and 8-13 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on NO production, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 6.59 to 15.79 µM. Notably, compounds 6 (IC₅₀ = 7.77 µM), 10 (IC₅₀ = 7.48 µM), 11 (IC₅₀ = 8.62 µM), and 12 (IC₅₀ = 6.59 µM) showed superior inhibitory potencies compared to the positive control (grossamide, IC₅₀ = 9.23 µM). Immunofluorescence analyses showed that compound 12 reduced iNOS expression and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, whereas molecular docking provided qualitative predictions of possible interactions of compounds 6 and 10-12 with iNOS and the IκBα/NF-κB complex. These findings expand the known chemical diversity of G. nudifolia and identify its benzylstilbene derivatives as natural products with anti-neuroinflammatory activity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan lmh@tmu.edu.tw.",
    "National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, MOHW Taipei 112026 Taiwan yclin@nricm.edu.tw.",
    "School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam.",
    "University of Health Sciences, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam.",
    "Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 112304 Taiwan.",
    "Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan.",
    "School of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung 406040 Taiwan.",
    "Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital Taichung 404327 Taiwan.",
    "School of Chinese Medicine & Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 406040 Taiwan.",
    "Department of Physical Therapy, Tzu-Hui Institute of Technology Pingtung 92641 Taiwan.",
    "Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Duy-Hien Tran"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Bien-Thuy Bui Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yuh-Chiang Shen",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0895-1428"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Chia-Ching Liaw",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5642-4679"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Chih-Hua Chao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Hui-Chi Huang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3645-6726"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "I-Wen Lo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Chin-Yeu Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Mei-Hsien Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8592-9326"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yu-Chi Lin",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6139-1269"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/28y2h1edbyy4f.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra06075g",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13636293",
  "id": "28y2h1edbyy4f",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42835975",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Phytochemistry and Biological Activities"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220376799",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13636293?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13636293",
  "pmid": "42835975",
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/28y2h1edbyy4f.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42835975",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42835975"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Phytochemistry and Biological Activities",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "New benzylresorcinol and benzylstilbene derivatives from the fruits of orchid Galeola nudifolia Lour. with anti-neuroinflammatory activity.",
  "title_text": "New benzylresorcinol and benzylstilbene derivatives from the fruits of orchid Galeola nudifolia Lour. with anti-neuroinflammatory activity.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/28y2h1edbyy4f",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}