{
  "abstract": "Protein-protein interactions underpin nearly all cellular processes, yet systematic definition of these networks remains limited outside a few model organisms. As a result, the architectures of essential complexes in many divergent lineages remain poorly characterized. Here we developed a high-coverage crosslinking mass spectrometry framework to map the proteome-wide interactome of the model apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. From 29,624 crosslinked peptide pairs, we resolved a network of 2,859 protein-protein interactions that we integrated with structural modeling to resolve interaction interfaces. We identified and validated previously unrecognized components of essential protein complexes, including a structurally distinct ATP synthase subcomplex containing a highly divergent, apicomplexan-specific subunit essential for parasite fitness. Beyond revealing unexpected diversification of core mitochondrial machinery, these findings provide a general strategy to define the molecular architecture of divergent organisms and represent a foundational resource for hypothesis generation, structural inference, and discovery of lineage-specific vulnerabilities in pathogen biology.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A."
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "S. Butterworth"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. L. Gin"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Shikha"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Tengganu"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Rush"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Duraisingh"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. Sodeinde"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Lemgruber"
    },
    {
      "name": "F. Schulte"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Hu"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Sheiner"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Ovchinnikov"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "S. Lourido"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2947fce01pvqb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.01.748362",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.01.748362v1.full",
  "id": "2947fce01pvqb",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.01.748362v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "microbiology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1607|Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7207649010",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.01.748362v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2947fce01pvqb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:59Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.01.748362",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.01.748362v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Proteome-wide crosslinking mass spectrometry reveals novel components of essential complexes in Toxoplasma",
  "title_text": "Proteome-wide crosslinking mass spectrometry reveals novel components of essential complexes in Toxoplasma",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2947fce01pvqb",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}