{
  "abstract": "Background: Anosmia and ageusia are among the most frequent symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome, yet their association with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness remains unclear.\n\nObjective: To compare the presence of anosmia and ageusia with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness in post-COVID-19 individuals.\n\nMethods: This cross-sectional study included 201 post-COVID-19 individuals who completed a standardized questionnaire assessing anosmia, ageusia, and neurological symptoms. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the Bruce treadmill test with direct measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak). Missing data were handled by multiple imputation. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using binary logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, acute infection severity, medical history, body fat percentage, and skeletal muscle mass.\n\nResults: After adjustment, anosmia was independently associated with dizziness (OR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.15–4.31) and aural fullness (OR = 4.54; 95% CI 1.16–17.80), and ageusia with memory deficit (OR = 2.91; 95% CI 1.47–5.75) and aural fullness (OR = 4.08; 95% CI 1.02–16.30). No significant associations were found with tinnitus or hearing loss. VO₂peak did not differ significantly between participants with and without anosmia (mean difference 1.13 mL/kg/min; Cohen’s d = 0.14; 95% CI − 0.14 to 0.42; p = 0.325) or ageusia (mean difference 1.36 mL/kg/min; Cohen’s d = 0.17; 95% CI − 0.12 to 0.45; p = 0.244).\n\nConclusions: Anosmia and ageusia are associated with neurological symptoms but not with cardiorespiratory fitness in post-COVID-19 individuals, suggesting partially independent phenotypes. These symptoms should be considered in therapeutic assessment and management.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Cesumar University (Unicesumar), Maringá, Paraná Brazil",
    "Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Health Promotion Intervention (LIIPS), Avenida Guedner, 1610 – Jardim Aclimação, Maringá, 87050-900 Paraná Brazil",
    "Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Maringá, Paraná Brazil"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Luciana Lozza de Moraes Marchiori",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9026-0468"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Glória de Moraes Marchiori",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2987-1665"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fabiano Mendes de Oliveira",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0223-8384"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Victor Augusto Santos Perli",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3895-6628"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maurício Medeiros Lemos",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3491-3073"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4625-9128"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/29md7qw3dap45.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1007/s13760-026-03189-4",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13740057/",
  "id": "29md7qw3dap45",
  "issns": [
    "0300-9009",
    "2240-2993"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-026-03189-4",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212321826",
  "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13760-026-03189-4.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13740057",
  "pmid": "42726454",
  "published": "2026-09-11",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/29md7qw3dap45.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T12:21:22Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13740057",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-026-03189-4"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Long-Term Effects of COVID-19",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Comparisons between anosmia and ageusia with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness among post-COVID-19 individuals: a cross-sectional study",
  "title_text": "Comparisons between anosmia and ageusia with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness among post-COVID-19 individuals: a cross-sectional study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:21:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/29md7qw3dap45",
  "venue": "Acta Neurologica Belgica",
  "versions": []
}