{
  "abstract": "Women with endometriosis and dysmenorrhea are increasingly recognized as having systemic comorbidities beyond pelvic disease, but large-scale data on endocrine and metabolic comorbidities across a broad menstrual-related disorders population remain limited. Using the Japan Medical Data Center Claims Database, we conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of women aged under 40 years enrolled in 2023. Women with confirmed diagnoses of endometriosis (ICD-10: N80) and/or dysmenorrhea (N94.4 or N94.6) were classified as the menstrual-related disorders group (n = 257,897); those without such diagnoses were the control group (n = 3,183,032). The primary outcomes were the frequencies of thyroid-related diagnoses (hypothyroidism [E03], non-toxic goiter [E04], hyperthyroidism [E05], thyroiditis [E06], and other thyroid disorders [E07]) and dyslipidemia (E78). Stratified analyses were performed according to prescription for low-dose estrogen–progestin preparations (LEP) or dienogest (DNG). All thyroid-related diagnoses were recorded more frequently among women with menstrual-related disorders than among controls. Hypothyroidism was identified in 2.1% of women with menstrual-related disorders versus 0.8% of controls (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.46; 95% CI 2.39–2.54); the corresponding PR was 3.11 (95% CI 2.99–3.24) in the endometriosis subgroup (n = 96,863). Dyslipidemia was recorded in 5.2% of women with menstrual-related disorders versus 1.4% of controls (PR 3.73; 95% CI 3.66–3.80; prevalence difference +3.78 percentage points). The endometriosis subgroup consistently showed the highest frequencies. These associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for age using the Mantel-Haenszel method (adjusted PR 1.45–3.02 across all comparisons), although adjusted estimates were consistently lower than crude estimates. Among women with menstrual-related disorders, hypothyroidism was more frequent in those without LEP/DNG prescriptions (3.4%) than in those with prescriptions (1.5%), whereas dyslipidemia frequencies were similar (5.2% vs. 5.1%). These findings indicate that young Japanese women with menstrual-related disorders have substantially higher frequencies of thyroid-related diagnoses and dyslipidemia than controls, particularly those with endometriosis. Surveillance bias, age confounding, and confounding by indication cannot be excluded because of the cross-sectional claims-based design.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.",
    "Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan."
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tatsuya Yoshihara",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-2301-5075"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yosuke Ono"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Harumasa Arita"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Akiko Nakagomi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dai Miyashita"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kota Tanaka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Satoko Sasatsu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Osamu Yoshino",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6942-3018"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/29z8kgb8p8fk4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361575",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13722161",
  "id": "29z8kgb8p8fk4",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361575",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Anatomy"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biology and Life Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Diagnostic Medicine"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Dyslipidemia"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Dysmenorrhoea"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Endocrine Disorders"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Endocrine System"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Endocrinology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Health Care"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Hypothyroidism"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Medical Conditions"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Medicine and Health Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Menstrual Abnormalities"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Metabolic Disorders"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Obstetrics and Gynecology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Outpatients"
    ],
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      "Patients"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
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    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Thyroid"
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      "heading",
      "Women's Health"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Endocrine system/Thyroid"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Metabolic disorders/Dyslipidemia"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Women's health"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Women's health/Obstetrics and gynecology/Menstrual abnormalities/Dysmenorrhoea"
    ]
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  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13722161?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722161",
  "pmid": "42961921",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/29z8kgb8p8fk4.ris",
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    {
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Biology and Life Sciences",
      "subfield": "general"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:endocrinology",
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  "title": "Frequencies of thyroid-related diagnoses and dyslipidemia among Japanese women with menstrual-related disorders aged under 40 years: A nationwide cross-sectional study using health insurance claims data",
  "title_text": "Frequencies of thyroid-related diagnoses and dyslipidemia among Japanese women with menstrual-related disorders aged under 40 years: A nationwide cross-sectional study using health insurance claims data",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/29z8kgb8p8fk4",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}