{
  "abstract": "We analyze the MODIS and VIIRS active-fire Fire Radiative Power (FRP) products, suggest an approximation for the FRP detection limit as a linear function of a pixel area, and develop analytical observation operators for both pixel-level and gridded FRP products. We have shown that the collection-6.1 of MODIS has the FRP detection limit at 3.7 MW in case of a nadir retrieval at a clear-sky night. For a daytime sideview, it reaches as high as 40 MW. For VIIRS, the smallest fire reliably detected at night is 0.5 MW. Application of the developed operators for the cross-mapping the MODIS and VIIRS datasets at the pixel/granule level confirmed their consistency. Applying the grid-level operators alongside satellite overpass and weather data, we generated global maps of fire detection probabilities, revealing regional variations. As a global average, probability of detection of powerful fires is 78 % for MODIS (88 % for VIIRS). Variations between regions are large: in some equatorial areas this probability is less than 30 % for MODIS (40 % for VIIRS).",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Finnish Meteorological Institute (Helsinki, Finland)"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
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  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mikhail Sofiev",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9542-5746"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rostislav Kouznetsov",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5140-0037"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2amemk8hveyq3.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.5194/gmd-19-10123-2026",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2amemk8hveyq3",
  "issns": [
    "1991-9603",
    "1991-959X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/10123/2026/",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QE1-996.5"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Fire effects on ecosystems"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7134933757",
  "pdf_url": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/10123/2026/gmd-19-10123-2026.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Copernicus GmbH",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2amemk8hveyq3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.5194/gmd-19-10123-2026",
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      "url": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/10123/2026/"
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:31Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-10123-2026"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Fire effects on ecosystems",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Observation operator and detection limits for MODIS and VIIRS Fire Radiative Power products",
  "title_text": "Observation operator and detection limits for MODIS and VIIRS Fire Radiative Power products",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2amemk8hveyq3",
  "venue": "Geoscientific Model Development",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.5194/egusphere-2026-89",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "preprint",
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  ]
}