{
  "abstract": "Single-item measures are increasingly used to capture constructs that are impractical to assess with multi-item scales, yet their reliability is difficult to estimate and validity evidence is rarely combined across sources. Meditation-related states, which are embodied and often hard to verbalize, illustrate this challenge. The aim of this study is to present a multi-source framework and apply it for developing and validating a Meditation Pictographic Inventory (MPI), a 23-item inventory of single-item measures to assess meditation-related states. The study followed two phases. Phase 1 aimed to develop and refine the pictographic items through qualitative interviews with 10 meditation experts. Phase 2 aimed to validate the MPI. Adults (N = 378) from the general population were randomized to one of four conditions: three brief meditation practices (counting breath, loving-kindness, decentering) or an active control. Validity evidence covered content, response processes, sensitivity to change, relations with other variables, incremental prediction, and internal structure via network analysis at pre- and post-meditation. Reliability was examined through test-retest, criterion-based, and generalizability analyses. Results showed that MPI items clustered into positive, negative, and heterogeneous experiences, with a moderately stable structure and no detectable structural change from pre- to post-meditation. However, nine items were sensitive to meditation effects, including both general (e.g., body boundaries) and practice-specific effects (e.g., warmth after loving-kindness). Items correlated with related self-reports as expected and predicted post-meditation outcomes, but not beyond baseline levels. Single-item reliability was modest. Positive and negative cluster scores showed adequate generalizability, whereas time- and self-related items require further revision. The study was preregistered, the MPI and all materials are openly available, and the framework offers a template for validating other single item inventories.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ylenia D'elia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Oscar Lecuona"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rocío Herrero"
    },
    {
      "name": "ROSA MARIA BAÑOS RIVERA"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maja Wrzesien"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ausiàs Cebolla"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2br417hg6dfty.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/4xez7_v2",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2br417hg6dfty",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/4xez7_v2/",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "bepress",
      "Assessment"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Clinical Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Psychometrics"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Quantitative Methods"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Social and Personality Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Testing and Assessment"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3203|Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223230388",
  "pdf_url": "https://osf.io/4xez7/download",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2br417hg6dfty.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:40Z",
      "native_id": "4xez7",
      "source": "osf",
      "url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/4xez7_v2/"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "bepress:Clinical Psychology",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Beyond reflective verbal self-reports: Development and validation of the Meditation Pictographic Inventory (MPI) through a multi-source framework",
  "title_text": "Beyond reflective verbal self-reports: Development and validation of the Meditation Pictographic Inventory (MPI) through a multi-source framework",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2br417hg6dfty",
  "venue": "PsyArXiv",
  "versions": []
}