{
  "abstract": "Ticagrelor, a commonly used antiplatelet medication, has been found to exhibit considerable inter-individual pharmacodynamic variability. Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, both of which can be influenced by gut microbiota. In this study, we explored whether the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor is mediated by intestinal flora. We enrolled 22 healthy participants to assess the clinical pharmacokinetic profiles of ticagrelor and its metabolite AR-C124910XX after a single oral dose of ticagrelor. The fecal microbial compositions of individuals who exhibited distinct pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, we conducted experiments involving the co-incubation of ticagrelor with fecal bacteria and a systematic exploration of the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in pseudo-germ-free (PGF) rats to illustrate the role of gut microbiota in ticagrelor metabolism, both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed a three-fold difference in the bioavailability of ticagrelor among individuals. However, no difference was found in the composition of gut microbiota among individuals with different pharmacokinetic parameters. Quantitative analysis showed that gut microbiota cannot directly metabolize ticagrelor. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in AUC(0–48), AUC(0-∞), and Cmax between ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX in PGF rats compared to normal control, either by single intragastric or intravenous administration. In conclusion, these findings suggest that gut microbiota has no impact on the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics (Ministry of Education, China), Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacomicrobiomics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Affiliated Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases of University of South China, Changsha, China",
    "The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China",
    "Department of Cardiovascular, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pan Qu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yongchao Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xiaojie Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Li Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jie Tang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Manyun Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yicheng Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yilei Peng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Junyi Jiang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weihua Huang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wei Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yali Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yali Ou"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2brejdt8x6r61.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0359660",
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  "id": "2brejdt8x6r61",
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    "1932-6203"
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
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  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
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  "native_subjects": [
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Microbial control/Antimicrobials/Antibiotics"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Bacteria/Gut bacteria"
    ],
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Body fluids/Blood/Blood plasma"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body fluids/Blood/Blood plasma"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Digestive system/Gastrointestinal tract"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics/Drug metabolism"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Pharmacologic analysis/Pharmacokinetic analysis/Elimination half-life calculation"
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0359660&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2brejdt8x6r61.ris",
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    {
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  "subjects": [
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      "origin": "plos:pharmacology",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
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  "title": "Ticagrelor and gut microbiota: Absence of pharmacokinetic interaction in vitro and in vivo studies",
  "title_text": "Ticagrelor and gut microbiota: Absence of pharmacokinetic interaction in vitro and in vivo studies",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2brejdt8x6r61",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
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}