{
  "abstract": "Background: The prognostic impact of intracardiac thrombus varies by cardiac chamber, yet large-scale comparative long-term outcome data across all four chambers remain limited.\n\nMethods: In this retrospective propensity-matched cohort study using the Chang Gung Research Database (2001–2022), we identified 1,541 patients in the final propensity-matched analytic cohorts with echocardiographically confirmed single-chamber intracardiac thrombus [left atrial (LA) n = 619, left ventricular (LV) n = 774, right atrial (RA) n = 125, right ventricular (RV) n = 23]. Patients were 1:4 matched with controls without thrombus for demographics, comorbidities, and medications. Primary outcomes included ischemic stroke/systemic embolism, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac death, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of the above). Follow-up continued until the first event, death, or December 31, 2022.\n\nFindings: Compared with matched controls, LA thrombus was associated with increased risks of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (hazard ratio, HR = 1.85), heart failure (HR = 1.30), cardiac death (HR = 2.02), and MACE (HR = 1.61). LV thrombus was associated with increased risks of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (HR = 1.38), myocardial infarction (HR = 1.58), heart failure (HR = 1.40), cardiac death (HR = 1.32), and MACE (HR = 1.36). RA thrombus was associated with pulmonary embolism (HR = 4.63), heart failure (HR = 1.70), and MACE (HR = 1.63), whereas cardiac death was not significantly increased (HR = 1.96). RV thrombus was rare and showed no significant associations with any outcome. Left atrial appendage thrombus did not confer additional risk compared with non-appendage LA thrombus.\n\nConclusions: The prognostic impact of intracardiac thrombus is strongly location-dependent. LV and LA thrombi carried the broadest cardiovascular risks, RA thrombus was disproportionately linked to pulmonary embolism and mortality, and RV thrombus had limited long-term impact. These findings support chamber-specific risk stratification and management strategies for patients with echocardiography-detected intracardiac thrombus.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center",
    "College of Medicine, Chang Gung University",
    "Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center",
    "Information System Division, Chang Gung Medical Technology Co., Ltd.",
    "Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center",
    "Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center",
    "Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham",
    "Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Victor Chien-Chia Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chih-Shan Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chun-Li Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ya-Chi Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hui-Tzu Tu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hsin-Jui Liao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yu-Tung Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Shao-Wei Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Chang-Fu Kuo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Shang-Hung Chang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2c2mjgfdaw4sk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fcvm.2026.1889091",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13710267",
  "id": "2c2mjgfdaw4sk",
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  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1889091/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2705|Cardiac tumors and thrombi"
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  "openalex": "W7221613670",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1889091/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13710267",
  "pmid": "42948076",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2c2mjgfdaw4sk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
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      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1889091/full"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2705|Cardiac tumors and thrombi",
      "subfield": "cardiovascular"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Chamber-specific long-term prognosis of intracardiac thrombus: a 21-year propensity-matched cohort study",
  "title_text": "Chamber-specific long-term prognosis of intracardiac thrombus: a 21-year propensity-matched cohort study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2c2mjgfdaw4sk",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine",
  "versions": []
}