{
  "abstract": "Off-nuclear tidal disruption events (TDEs) reveal evidence for massive black holes outside galactic centers, but the origins of this wandering population remain uncertain. We investigate wandering intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) formed through runaway stellar collisions in dense, high-redshift star clusters and predict their TDE signatures across cosmic time. Our semi-analytic model samples clusters associated with low-mass subhalos at $7<z<20$ and uses merger trees from the IllustrisTNG TNG50 simulation to follow the assembly of 15 elliptical galaxies with stellar masses of $10^9-10^{11}~M_\\odot$. We compare two models for high-redshift cluster formation: a maximal model taken from a high-resolution simulation and a conservative model calibrated from local cluster relations. Off-nuclear TDEs produced through this mechanism occur in bursts within 10-100 Myr of IMBH formation as the loss-cone surrounding the black hole is depleted. We estimate the rate of off-nuclear TDEs expected across time per galaxy, and characterize these events as typically occurring between $10-10^3$ kpc from their host galaxy centers. Event rates increase with galaxy mass; in the maximal model, the progenitors of the most massive galaxies reach peak off-nuclear TDE rates of approximately $5\\times10^{-4}-4\\times10^{-2}~\\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ per galaxy at $7\\lesssim z\\lesssim13$. This work provides a framework for constraining the early population of star clusters that form IMBHs through runaway collapse via their contribution to the rate of off-nuclear TDEs in the high redshift Universe.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.20719",
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Claire E. Williams"
    },
    {
      "name": "Smadar Naoz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yihao Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tatsuya Akiba-Lewis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mark Vogelsberger"
    },
    {
      "name": "Blakesley Burkhart"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naoki Yoshida"
    },
    {
      "name": "Avi Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyle Kremer"
    },
    {
      "name": "William Lake"
    },
    {
      "name": "Federico Marinacci"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shyam H. Menon"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2c98te8anxa8a.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.20719",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2c98te8anxa8a",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20719",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222640632",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.20719",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2c98te8anxa8a.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:50Z",
      "native_id": "2610.20719",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20719"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    },
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Wandering intermediate-mass black holes and off-nuclear tidal disruption events from early star clusters",
  "title_text": "Wandering intermediate-mass black holes and off-nuclear tidal disruption events from early star clusters",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2c98te8anxa8a",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}