{
  "abstract": "This study evaluated the oral safety of Sanxan to provide a basis for its application in food. The toxicological characteristics of Sanxan were assessed through an acute oral toxicity test, three genetic toxicity tests, a teratogenicity test in pregnant rats, and a 90-day oral toxicity test. The results showed that no obvious toxic symptoms or mortality were observed in the acute toxicity test, and the maximum tolerated dose was greater than 15 g/kg, indicating that Sanxan had no acute oral toxicity in the test animals. The results of three genetic toxicity tests-the Ames test, the micronucleus test, and the sperm abnormality test-were all negative, and the teratogenicity test in pregnant rats showed no maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, or teratogenicity, indicating that Sanxan had no mutagenic or teratogenic effects under the tested conditions. The 90-day oral toxicity test showed that Sanxan at doses of 1.3, 2.6, and 5.2 g/kg body weight had no obvious adverse effects on body weight gain, total food intake, total food utilization, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ-to-body weight ratios, or pathological examination in the test animals, and the maximum no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 5.2 g/kg body weight. In summary, under the conditions of this study, Sanxan did not exhibit acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, teratogenicity, or subchronic toxicity, indicating that it has good safety under the tested conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Tianjin, China",
    "Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Nanning, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Haiqing Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jiangyue Pi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Guizhi Quan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qingyi Chuo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoyan Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Haidong Huang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3755-0623"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2e37x4wr7e9my.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361184",
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  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
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  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Animal Cells"
    ],
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      "heading",
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    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Body Weight"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
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    ],
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      "heading",
      "Drug Research and Development"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Embryology"
    ],
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      "heading",
      "Fetuses"
    ],
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      "heading",
      "Food"
    ],
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      "heading",
      "Food Poisoning"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Germ Cells"
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      "heading",
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      "heading",
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      "heading",
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    ],
    [
      "heading",
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      "heading",
      "Oral Administration"
    ],
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      "heading",
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      "heading",
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    ],
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    ],
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  "pmcid": "PMC13712527",
  "pmid": "42945291",
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2e37x4wr7e9my.ris",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Cell Biology",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Developmental Biology",
      "subfield": "developmental-biology"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
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  "title": "Safety assessment of microbial Polysaccharide Sanxan",
  "title_text": "Safety assessment of microbial Polysaccharide Sanxan",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:23:05Z",
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