{
  "abstract": "Whole-cell biocatalysis provides an experimentally accessible system for examining carbon–carbon bond formation alongside competing endogenous reactions. This article is structured as an undergraduate laboratory course in sustainable organic synthesis centered on the biotransformation of benzaldehyde by Saccharomyces cerevisiae , with particular emphasis on pyruvate decarboxylase-mediated acyloin condensation to phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) and competing reductive pathways. The workflow combines yeast cultivation, benzaldehyde biotransformation, crude-product recovery, creatine–α-naphthol colorimetric assay, and 1 H NMR analysis. The colorimetric response provided preliminary evidence consistent with α-hydroxy ketone formation, while diagnostic NMR signals supported PAC formation and revealed a mixed product profile arising from carboligation and reduction. Relative integration of selected non-overlapping resonances was used to estimate apparent benzaldehyde conversion and relative product distribution. Because no chiral analysis was performed, no direct stereochemical assignment is made; the expected R configuration is based on the established literature. Overall, the experiment provides an integrated model of competing whole-cell biotransformations, linking microbial culture, product recovery, and spectroscopic analysis in an upper-division laboratory setting.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran",
    "School of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.",
    "Department of Applied Biology (Department of Microbial Biotechnology), School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Amir Majd"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maziar Hakim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Javad Hamedi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2e5dpfjq5k662.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103957",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715626009318",
  "id": "2e5dpfjq5k662",
  "issns": [
    "2211-7156"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103957",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QD1-999"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221109217",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715626009318/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2e5dpfjq5k662.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:18Z",
      "native_id": "2e6e847050d446daa025b59ef8f5ce29",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103957"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Whole-cell biocatalytic acyloin condensation of benzaldehyde by baker's yeast: CC bond formation and",
  "title_text": "Whole-cell biocatalytic acyloin condensation of benzaldehyde by baker's yeast: CC bond formation and",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2e5dpfjq5k662",
  "venue": "Results in Chemistry",
  "versions": []
}