{
  "abstract": "It remains unknown whether oscillatory brain activity associated with sensorimotor behavior is routed selectively to task-relevant muscles or expressed more broadly, including in task-irrelevant muscles. Here we combined electroencephalography with large-scale recordings of spinal motor neurons innervating the tibialis anterior. Participants maintained a submaximal dorsiflexion while performing a Go/No-Go task in which the instructed response was either a ballistic dorsiflexion or a ballistic handgrip contraction, making the tibialis anterior task-relevant or task-irrelevant, respectively. Alpha- and beta-band modulations observed at the cortical level were largely expressed in motor neuron output, including in the task-irrelevant motor neuron pool. The peripheral expression of these modulations differed across frequency bands: alpha was partly effector-dependent, consistent with more selective transmission to the task-relevant pool, whereas beta was largely effector-independent, consistent with broader expression across motor neuron pools. Using simulation-based inference, we found that task-related changes in motor output were best explained by modulations in net excitatory drive, whereas alpha- and beta-band inputs contributed primarily to motor neuron synchronization. A complementary simulation showed that this synchronization may facilitate rapid changes in motor output. These results support a parallel control architecture in which low-frequency drive determines motor output, whereas higher-frequency oscillatory inputs shape synchronization within motor pools more broadly, potentially setting the motor system in a state that favours rapid adjustments in output.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Universite Cote d'Azur"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "F. Hug"
    },
    {
      "name": "F. Dernoncourt"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Naveilhan"
    },
    {
      "name": "W. van den Hoorn"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2g4x2csm2qtkh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.05.16.725172",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.16.725172v2.full",
  "id": "2g4x2csm2qtkh",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.16.725172v2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2805|Neural dynamics and brain function"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7161695079",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.16.725172v2.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-05-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2g4x2csm2qtkh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:24:02Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.05.16.725172",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.16.725172v3"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A parallel control architecture combining muscle-specific motor drive with broadly expressed oscillatory inputs shaping motor neuron synchronization",
  "title_text": "A parallel control architecture combining muscle-specific motor drive with broadly expressed oscillatory inputs shaping motor neuron synchronization",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T00:21:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2g4x2csm2qtkh",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}