{
  "abstract": "Programmable photonic circuits have emerged as a promising platform for applications ranging from optical communications to artificial-intelligence computing and quantum information processing, but their scaling is fundamentally constrained by their essential building block, the optical phase shifter. Existing phase-shifter technologies face inherent trade-offs among power consumption, operating speed, modulation efficiency, optical loss, and thermal crosstalk, making it challenging to realize high-performance, large-scale programmable photonic circuits. Here, we present a programmable photonic circuit based on InGaAsP/Si hybrid metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) phase shifters that combines ultralow power consumption, high-speed operation, high modulation efficiency, low optical loss and negligible thermal crosstalk. The phase shifters combine the low leakage current of a MOS capacitor with the strong carrier-induced refractive-index modulation of an InGaAsP membrane, achieving a static power consumption below 30 fW/$π$, a switching time of 555 ps, a phase-modulation efficiency ($V_πL$) of 0.13 Vcm and a carrier-induced excess insertion loss of only 0.20 dB/$π$. We integrate these phase shifters into a programmable Mach-Zehnder interferometer mesh and demonstrate optical switching and programmable unitary transformations, while maintaining femtowatt-level static power consumption across integrated phase shifters. We further demonstrate circuit-level operation with negligible thermal crosstalk, addressing a major obstacle to densely integrated programmable photonic circuits. These results establish a foundation for scalable, high-performance programmable photonic systems for next-generation signal processing and computation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.24611",
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Tomohiro Akazawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rui Tang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hanzhi Tang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Makoto Okano"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yangyang Wan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nobuyuki Matsuda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kasidit Toprasertpong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shinichi Takagi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mitsuru Takenaka"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2g7rvfnn8gs6c.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.24611",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2g7rvfnn8gs6c",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24611",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Photonic and Optical Devices"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214053487",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24611",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2g7rvfnn8gs6c.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:19Z",
      "native_id": "2609.24611",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24611"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ultralow-power, high-speed programmable Si photonic circuits with InGaAsP membrane",
  "title_text": "Ultralow-power, high-speed programmable Si photonic circuits with InGaAsP membrane",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2g7rvfnn8gs6c",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}