{
  "abstract": "Background: While reproductive history is recognized as a determinant of women’s long-term health, its impact on mortality risk remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the association between key reproductive factors and subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) population.\n\nMethods: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of 5,165 women (aged ≥ 20 years) with a history of at least one pregnancy. Associations between reproductive factors and mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education, physical activity levels, diabetes history, hypertension history, and dyslipidemia.\n\nResults: Over the follow-up period, 497 deaths were recorded, representing 9.6% of participants; 168 deaths were due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 96 to cancer, accounting for 33.8% and 19.4% of all deaths, respectively. Late menarche was associated with increased all-cause and cancer-related mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.52 and 2.04, respectively. Recurrent abortion was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.12–1.77). Women with parity ≥ 3 had higher risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality compared with those with parity 1–2.\n\nConclusion: Reproductive characteristics, particularly late menarche, recurrent abortion, and high parity, were associated with increased long-term mortality risk. These findings support further investigation of reproductive characteristics as potential markers of long-term mortality risk.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran",
    "Foundation for Research & Education Excellence, Vestavia Hills, Al USA",
    "Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Paria Pezhdam",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-6580-0976"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4609-065X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1259-2459"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mahbanoo Farhadi-Azar",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3769-5160"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Farahmand",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1748-5687"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fereidoun Azizi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6470-2517"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Mousavi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3946-2507"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gqb1kk45c9rj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12958-026-01604-2",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13746677/",
  "id": "2gqb1kk45c9rj",
  "issns": [
    "1477-7827"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01604-2",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Cancer Risks and Factors"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7202206148",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13746677",
  "pmid": "43000396",
  "published": "2026-08-12",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gqb1kk45c9rj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-11T12:24:01Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13746677",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01604-2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Cancer Risks and Factors",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Reproductive factors and mortality risk: insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)",
  "title_text": "Reproductive factors and mortality risk: insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-13T12:23:13Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gqb1kk45c9rj",
  "venue": "Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E",
  "versions": []
}