{
  "abstract": "Porting a regional weather model in its entirety to a graphics processing unit (GPU) requires complete implementation of the dynamical core and all physical processes, and improved computational efficiency. This paper introduces WRF-JAX v1.1.28, a JAX reimplementation of the WRF 4.5 dynamical core and the complete CONUS physics suite. We conducted 27 ten-day integrations across nine regions and three initialization months, with a horizontal grid spacing of 3 km and $700\\times700$ grid points, and established two numerical-difference baselines. The full-field RMSEs of wind, temperature, and moisture in WRF-JAX and the WRF internal numerical-difference baseline showed similar long-term evolution: the medians of the case-wise RMSE ratios were 1.05-1.07 at 24 h and 1.02-1.04 at 240 h. The mean sustained integration time on a single NVIDIA A800 was 175.0 s per model hour, corresponding to speedups of 1.17 and 1.05 relative to 128-process single-precision WRF runs compiled with gfortran and ifort, respectively. The experiments further backpropagated through 100 steps with full physics coupling, obtaining all three-dimensional gradient components of the initial UVTQ fields in a single calculation. The full-field Gaussian random-direction evaluation used 500 directions and three perturbation amplitudes per variable; the median relative differences in directional derivatives for zonal wind, meridional wind, dry potential temperature, and water vapour were 2.58-5.22%, 2.94-6.49%, 7.86-10.06%, and 3.51-3.91%, respectively. WRF-JAX combines fully coupled forecasting with differentiation across time steps, providing computable approximate gradients for regional weather simulation and end-to-end optimization, with accuracy comparable to that of the original WRF model and a forward integration speed equivalent to that of the original WRF model running on at least 128 cores.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.35095",
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Shijin Yuan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tianyu Shen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bin Mu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhen Wei"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bo Qin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Guokun Dai"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gwcbekg12nd2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.35095",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2gwcbekg12nd2",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35095",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ao-ph"
    ],
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "earth/general"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1902|Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223986246",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.35095",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gwcbekg12nd2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:35:35Z",
      "native_id": "2610.35095",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35095"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T18:20:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.35095",
      "source": "egusphere",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.35095"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ao-ph",
      "subfield": "atmospheric"
    }
  ],
  "title": "WRF-JAX v1.1.28: a differentiable regional weather model with fully coupled physics, numerically consistent with WRF and matching 128-process CPU performance on a single GPU",
  "title_text": "WRF-JAX v1.1.28: a differentiable regional weather model with fully coupled physics, numerically consistent with WRF and matching 128-process CPU performance on a single GPU",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T18:20:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gwcbekg12nd2",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}