{
  "abstract": "Background Hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy is increasingly used to treat port-wine stains (PWS), but evidence regarding appropriate light intensity for young children remains limited.Objective To compare safety and efficacy of two light-intensity regimens for hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy in 2- to 7-year-old children with facial PWS.Methods In this open-label prospective controlled study, 40 children were enrolled sequentially to receive photodynamic therapy using light intensities of 60 or 75 mW/cm2 with a hemoporfin dose of 5 mg/kg. The primary outcome was the overall effective rate at 8 weeks after treatment. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 8 and 24 weeks. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04106258).Results Both treatment regimens were well tolerated and achieved similar overall effective rates at 8 and 24 weeks. The higher light-intensity regimen was associated with a higher complete clearance rate at 24 weeks but also a significantly higher incidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. No serious adverse events were observed.Conclusion Both light-intensity regimens improved facial PWS in children aged 2–7 years. In this exploratory, non-randomized comparison, 75 mW/cm2 was associated with a higher observed complete-clearance rate, but an increased risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Lower light intensity may be considered when minimizing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a clinical priority.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China",
    "Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiawen Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoxi Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yue Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yize Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jingyan Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cara Kou Yan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaolin Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gang Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hanru Ying"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gyba0pfd3qkw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1080/09546634.2026.2734962",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09546634.2026.2734962",
  "id": "2gyba0pfd3qkw",
  "issns": [
    "1471-1753",
    "0954-6634"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2026.2734962",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RL1-803"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2708|Dermatologic Treatments and Research"
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  "openalex": "W7223258377",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09546634.2026.2734962?needAccess=true",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Taylor & Francis Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gyba0pfd3qkw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:43:56Z",
      "native_id": "65b568ef49084c6c87c1bdad641b045f",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2026.2734962"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2708|Dermatologic Treatments and Research",
      "subfield": "general"
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  ],
  "title": "Balancing safety and efficacy in photodynamic therapy for facial port-wine stains in children aged 2-7 years: a prospective controlled study of light-intensity optimization",
  "title_text": "Balancing safety and efficacy in photodynamic therapy for facial port-wine stains in children aged 2-7 years: a prospective controlled study of light-intensity optimization",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:43:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2gyba0pfd3qkw",
  "venue": "Journal of Dermatological Treatment",
  "versions": []
}