{
  "abstract": "Chronic inflammation can accelerate the aging of joint tissues, characterized by cellular senescence, inflammatory degeneration, and disrupted tissue homeostasis. The accumulation of senescent cells and the excessive release of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, including increased oxidative stress, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and impaired mitochondrial quality control. Since TNF-α is a key inflammatory mediator in arthritic tissues, we used TNF-α-stimulated human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (MH7A) and chondrocytes (C28/I2), along with hTNF-α transgenic mice, to investigate whether 630 nm LED photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) attenuates inflammatory and senescence-associated responses and whether these effects are linked to the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis. Transcriptomic analysis, cell-based assays, and tissue immunohistochemistry were used to assess inflammatory and senescence-associated gene expression, mitochondrial features, autophagy-related proteins, and SIRT1/PGC-1α levels. PBMT reduced the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, MMP-3, MMP-13, p16, and p21 in both cell models. Further experiments in C28/I2 cells showed that TNF-α increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, disrupted mitochondrial ultrastructure, altered autophagy-related protein expression, and decreased SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression. These alterations were partially reversed by PBMT, accompanied by the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis-related markers. Extending the in vitro findings, in vivo experiments using hTNF-α transgenic mice showed that PBMT enhanced the immunostaining signals of SIRT1 and PGC-1α in joint tissues. Overall, these findings indicate that PBMT attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammatory and senescence-associated responses in joint cells, which are associated with mitochondrial homeostasis, supporting further mechanistic and functional evaluation of this intervention.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xueqian Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lihong Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiao Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenting Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qingtai Meng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Longfei Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hailiang Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wuqi Song",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5900-5154"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2h914c6qy8whk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27219784",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2h914c6qy8whk",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9784",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2h914c6qy8whk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:54Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27219784",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9784"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1422-0067",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "LED Photobiomodulation at 630 nm Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Senescence-Associated Responses in Association with Mitochondrial Homeostasis",
  "title_text": "LED Photobiomodulation at 630 nm Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Senescence-Associated Responses in Association with Mitochondrial Homeostasis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2h914c6qy8whk",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}