{
  "abstract": "Acute heat exposure challenges honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers, yet the associated small-molecule response and its relationship to nutritional status remain incompletely resolved. Workers were conditioned for 7 days on bee bread plus sucrose (B+S) or sucrose alone (S), maintained at 37 °C or exposed to 45 °C for 3 h, and thorax–abdomen metabolites were profiled by untargeted Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). Three independent cages were used per diet × temperature group, with 15 workers per cage pooled to generate one cage-level biological replicate (n = 3 per group). Putative metabolite annotation used accurate-mass (10 ppm) and isotope-pattern matching against METLIN and the Agilent Personal Compound Database and Library (PCDL), followed by manual curation, without tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) o or authentic-standard confirmation. After statistical filtering and biological curation, 149 heat-responsive metabolite annotations were retained under B+S and 123 under S. Targeted re-extraction of proteinogenic amino acids from the same raw files recovered 16 common peaks across all samples. Fifteen increased at 45 °C in both diets, whereas proline decreased; 14 of 16 showed a larger fold change under B+S. Phenylalanine-related metabolism showed the strongest convergence across targeted amino-acid analysis, untargeted phenylpyruvate detection, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Lipid-class responses also differed descriptively between diets, with a bias toward decreased free fatty acyls under B+S and decreased phospholipids under S. These findings define coordinated metabolic markers of acute heat exposure in worker bees and show that, within the targeted amino-acid dataset, response magnitudes were generally larger under B+S while retaining the same overall direction.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of SmartBio, College of Life and Health Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors (CRCIV), Incheon National University R&D Complex, 265 Harmony-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22014, Republic of Korea",
    "College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hyeonji Jang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hyunjee Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3058-0774"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Olga Frunze"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hyung-Wook Kwon",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9340-7974"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Boyun Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4973-6647"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jewon Jung"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2hh86kvzg5dnb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27209237",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13705331/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "2hh86kvzg5dnb",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9237",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1109|Insect and Pesticide Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222957780",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13705331/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13705331",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2hh86kvzg5dnb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:57Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27209237",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9237"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:44Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13705331",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13705331"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1109|Insect and Pesticide Research",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Heat-Responsive Metabolic Markers in Honey Bee Workers Under Contrasting Diets",
  "title_text": "Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Heat-Responsive Metabolic Markers in Honey Bee Workers Under Contrasting Diets",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2hh86kvzg5dnb",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}