{
  "abstract": "We formulate the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism in the framework of non-invertible symmetries obtained by $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauging of $\\mathbb{Z}_N$ or $U(1)$. While the non-invertible selection rules can constrain the texture-zero structure of fermion mass matrices, they do not by themselves determine the magnitudes of the allowed couplings. Introducing a flavon field allows the fusion rules to fix the leading powers of the small parameter $\\varepsilon=\\langle S\\rangle/Λ$, thereby determining both the texture zeros and the orders of magnitude of the nonzero entries up to $\\mathcal{O}(1)$ coefficients. We have constructed explicit quark and lepton models and study their predictions for the fermion mass and mixing hierarchies through analytical estimates and numerical analysis. In particular, a benchmark model with nine texture zeros in the quark sector can well accommodate the quark masses and mixing parameters with non-Hermitian Yukawa matrices. Its lepton sector admits a minimal type-I seesaw realization with normal neutrino mass ordering and one massless neutrino. These results provide a common symmetry framework for fermion mass hierarchies and texture zeros.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.26761",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Gui-Jun Ding"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stephen F. King"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bu-Yao Qu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2jn1bxps600c5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.26761",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2jn1bxps600c5",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26761",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223044513",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.26761",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2jn1bxps600c5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:30:52Z",
      "native_id": "2610.26761",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26761"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ph",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism with non-invertible symmetry",
  "title_text": "Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism with non-invertible symmetry",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:33:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2jn1bxps600c5",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}