{ "abstract": "The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework aim to restore 30% of degraded ecosystems. Both the IPCC and IPBES highlight the crucial role of ecosystem restoration in addressing the interconnected crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. One key restoration strategy is rewilding, which enhances ecosystem complexity with minimal human intervention. While traditional rewilding strategies often focus on benefits for biodiversity, we propose a climate-smart rewilding framework as a new approach designed to deliver climate benefits alongside biodiversity restoration. This framework seeks to integrate biodiversity, climate change adaptation and mitigation, as well as socio-economic benefits and trade-offs. We illustrate how this framework can be utilized to identify areas across Europe where rewilding could increase carbon sequestration, enhance species’ abilities to adapt to the velocity of climate change, and maximize wildlife-watching benefits while minimizing the costs associated with livestock-wildlife conflict. Finally, we acknowledge some limitations of climate-smart rewilding, but we argue that its adaptability and low cost render it a promising solution to the challenges facing Europe and beyond.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany", "Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany", "Faculty of Economic Science, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland", "Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands", "Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AC Wageningen, the Netherlands", "Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AC Wageningen, the Netherlands", "Biodiversity Chair, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, MED/CHANGE, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal", "University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain", "CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain", "CSIC, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain", "CTFC, 25280 Solsona, Spain", "Institute of Forest Ecology, SlovakGlobe, Slovak Academy of Sciences, L.Stura 1774/2, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia", "Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMKIFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany", "Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden", "INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, 33610 Cestas, France", "Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark", "BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal", "CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal", "CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal", "European Forest Institute (EFI), St. Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain", "Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic", "Wilderness Director of European Wilderness Society and Wilderness Advocate, Tamsweg, Austria" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 34, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Gavin Stark", "orcid": "0000-0002-4391-2806" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Magali Weissgerber", "orcid": "0000-0002-2999-055X" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Néstor Fernández", "orcid": "0000-0002-9645-8571" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Laura C. Quintero-Uribe" }, { "affs": [ 2, 0 ], "name": "Marek Giergiczny", "orcid": "0000-0001-9110-3897" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Nikolaj Rauff Poulsen" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Nacho Villar", "orcid": "0000-0003-3609-4080" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Bjorn Mols", "orcid": "0000-0001-9258-1807" }, { "affs": [ 3, 4 ], "name": "Elisabeth S. Bakker", "orcid": "0000-0002-5900-9136" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Angus Monro Smith", "orcid": "0000-0003-4529-624X" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Georg Winkel", "orcid": "0000-0002-9254-0447" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Diogo Alagador", "orcid": "0000-0003-0710-3187" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "José María Rey Beñayas", "orcid": "0000-0002-2099-8512" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Josep María Espelta", "orcid": "0000-0002-0242-4988" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Miriam Selwyn", "orcid": "0000-0002-3773-1734" }, { "affs": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "name": "Lluís Brotons", "orcid": "0000-0002-4826-4457" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Tatiana Kluvánková", "orcid": "0000-0002-4407-5202" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Stanislava Brnkaľáková", "orcid": "0000-0001-6239-2706" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Judith Kloibhofer", "orcid": "0009-0009-3340-7257" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Reinhard Prestele", "orcid": "0000-0003-4179-6204" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Henrik G. Smith", "orcid": "0000-0002-2289-889X" }, { "affs": [ 14 ], "name": "Alba Lázaro‐González", "orcid": "0000-0002-3367-180X" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "Robert Buitenwerf", "orcid": "0000-0003-3356-2301" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "Elena A. Pearce", "orcid": "0000-0003-1635-0243" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "Jens‐Christian Svenning", "orcid": "0000-0002-3415-0862" }, { "affs": [ 16, 17, 18 ], "name": "Joana Santana" }, { "affs": [ 16, 17, 18 ], "name": "Pedro Rui Beja", "orcid": "0000-0001-8164-0760" }, { "affs": [ 16, 17, 18 ], "name": "Francisco Moreira", "orcid": "0000-0003-4393-8018" }, { "affs": [ 19 ], "name": "Sven Wunder", "orcid": "0000-0002-9422-0260" }, { "affs": [ 20 ], "name": "Miroslav Svoboda", "orcid": "0000-0003-4050-3422" }, { "affs": [ 21 ], "name": "Vlado Vancura" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Almut Arneth", "orcid": "0000-0001-6616-0822" }, { "affs": [ 14 ], "name": "Arndt Hampe", "orcid": "0000-0003-2551-9784" }, { "affs": [ 17, 0, 1 ], "name": "Henrique M. Pereira", "orcid": "0000-0003-1043-1675" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2k33mq1xtmxy0.bib", "cited_by": 12, "doi": "10.1016/j.oneear.2026.101704", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "2k33mq1xtmxy0", "issns": [ "2590-3322", "2590-3330" ], "landing_url": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05798674v1", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "hal", "0.sde" ], [ "openalex", "2306|Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management" ], [ "openalex", "2306|Land Use and Ecosystem Services" ] ], "openalex": "W7162133068", "pdf_url": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05798674/document", "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-05-22", "publisher": "Cell press", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2k33mq1xtmxy0.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z", "native_id": "hal-05798674", "source": "hal", "url": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05798674v1" }, { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:58Z", "native_id": "W7162133068", "source": "openalex", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2026.101704" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "earth", "origin": "hal:0.sde", "subfield": "environmental-science" } ], "title": "Toward climate-smart rewilding: An integrated framework for biodiversity, climate change, and society", "title_text": "Toward climate-smart rewilding: An integrated framework for biodiversity, climate change, and society", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:20Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2k33mq1xtmxy0", "venue": "One Earth", "versions": [] }