{
  "abstract": "Features of urbanicity have been linked to poor psychiatric health in adulthood, but little is known about their relationship with biological age and cognition earlier in life.\n\nUsing the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we tested associations between the built environment and epigenetic ages (EpiAgeAltum, EpiAgeHorvath, EpiAgePACE) (n=2,452), brain age (n=751), and cognition (n=12,199). Analyses were replicated in Generation R and triangulated in the Millennium Cohort Study.\n\nThe built environment was not associated with epigenetic ages ({beta}Altum range = 0.013-0.015, p range = .466-.689; {beta}Horvath range = -0.011-0.023, p range = .182-.728; {beta}PACE range = -0.045-0.013, p range = .131-.524) or brain age ({beta} range = 0.022-0.028, p range = .337-.429). A negative association with cognition was observed in Generation R.\n\nWe provide no consistent evidence that childhood built environment exposure relates to biological age and cognition in adolescence, suggesting these relationships may emerge in later life.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Bath"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "F. Sanders"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. Baltramonaityte"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Staginnus"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. H. Mulder"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. L. Muetzel"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Vrijheid"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. C. Dunn"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. L. Fisher"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. A. M. Cecil"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "E. Walton"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2k61vdcrf76gm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.08.26365061",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.26365061v1.full",
  "id": "2k61vdcrf76gm",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.26365061v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "public and global health"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Urban Green Space and Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221478479",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.26365061v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2k61vdcrf76gm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.08.26365061",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.26365061v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:public and global health",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Longitudinal Associations between the Built Environment, Biological Aging and Cognition",
  "title_text": "Longitudinal Associations between the Built Environment, Biological Aging and Cognition",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2k61vdcrf76gm",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}