{
  "abstract": "Context:: Congenital airway or tracheal stenosis (CTS) during pediatric cardiac surgery (PCS) can modify the perioperative course.\n\nAim:: To find the effect of CTS on mortality and morbidity during PCS.\n\nSettings and Design:: University hospital; Retrospective observational cohort study.\n\nMaterial and Methods:: Database of PCS patients between January 2019 and April 2025 was analyzed for the incidence of CTS, and perioperative morbidity and mortality. Redo-surgeries were excluded for analyzing CTS incidence.\n\nStatistical Analysis:: Continuous variables are described as median and interquartile range (IQR) of 25–75% and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.\n\nResults:: A total of 4222 patients underwent PCS; 66 underwent redo-surgeries , and 9 (0.21%) had CTS. One neonate died during investigation. CTS was diagnosed preoperatively in two, intraoperatively in five, and postoperatively in one. Two patients who underwent PCS-only had a stormy perioperative course and required emergent tracheoplasty. In the PCS-only, 68 patients (1.9%) died; in PCS with CTS, two patients (25%) died (P < 0.01). Odds ratio for mortality with 95% CI in PCS with CTS was 16.8 (3.3–84.6). Median intensive care unit (ICU) stay with IQR in PCS patients was 72 h (44–144 h); whereas, it was 300 h (120–648 h) in PCS with CTS patients (P < 0.002). Median hospital stay with IQR in PCS patients was 10 days (8–14 days); whereas, it was 15 days (12–47 days) in PCS with CTS patients (P < 0.019).\n\nConclusion:: We found a significantly increased mortality of PCS in presence of CTS; it was also associated with increased ICU and hospital stays. PCS with CTS requires concomitant tracheoplasty; PCS alone is unsafe.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India",
    "Department of Cardiac Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India",
    "Department of Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh",
    "Department of ENT, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India",
    "Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jessin P. Jayasankar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Brijesh P. Kottayil"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Praveen Reddy Bayya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sreelakshmi P. Leeladharan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abu Talha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Madhumita Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Abish Sudhakar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Praveen K. Neema"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2krh7jfsc169c.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4103/aca.aca_99_26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13743099/",
  "id": "2krh7jfsc169c",
  "issns": [
    "0971-9784",
    "0974-5181"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.aca_99_26",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Tracheal and airway disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221538224",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13743099",
  "pmid": "42862671",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2krh7jfsc169c.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T12:23:49Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13743099",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.aca_99_26"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Tracheal and airway disorders",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Retrospective Analysis of the Management of Congenital Tracheal Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Pediatric Cardiac Surgery",
  "title_text": "Retrospective Analysis of the Management of Congenital Tracheal Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Pediatric Cardiac Surgery",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:23:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2krh7jfsc169c",
  "venue": "Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia",
  "versions": []
}