{
  "abstract": "Background/Aim: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that lacks targeted therapy, and robust prognostic biomarkers remain scarce. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1/SLC7A5) drives tumor amino acid metabolism and proliferation, whereas CD163+ M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a hallmark of an immunosuppressive microenvironment.\n\nPatients and Methods: We investigated the expression, clinicopathological associations, and prognostic significance of tumor LAT1 and CD163+ macrophage density in 172 patients with TNBC. LAT1 and CD163 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and dichotomized at the cohort median.\n\nResults: High LAT1 expression was strongly associated with high histologic grade, larger tumor size, advanced stage, and elevated Ki-67 (all p<0.001) and predicted inferior overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS; both p<0.05). CD163+ macrophage density showed no association with conventional clinicopathological features. LAT1 and CD163 expression were weakly but significantly correlated (Pearson’s r=0.191, p=0.012; Spearman’s ρ=0.220, p=0.004). In multivariable analysis, the adjusted DFS associations of both markers were model-dependent: high CD163 was independently associated with DFS after adjustment for tumor size [hazard ratio (HR)=2.11, p=0.034] but only borderline after ordinal-stage adjustment (HR=1.87, p=0.076), and the LAT1 effect on DFS was likewise stage-dependent. For OS, high LAT1 remained independently prognostic after adjustment for stage and age (HR=3.6, p=0.02), whereas CD163 did not.\n\nConclusion: These findings indicate that LAT1 and CD163 convey significant prognostic information in TNBC and support the further evaluation of LAT1-directed metabolic and macrophage-targeted therapeutic strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Lab of Precision Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Pathology, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "School of Chinese Medicine & Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Office of Research and Development, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "YUN-SHAN LIN"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "SHU-FEN CHIANG"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "TSUNG-WEI CHEN"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "JHEN-YU CHEN"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "TAO-WEI KE"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "YUAN-YAO TSAI"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "K S CLIFFORD CHAO"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "KEVIN CHIH-YANG HUANG"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2kspa37nc0344.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21873/cgp.20625",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13726685/",
  "id": "2kspa37nc0344",
  "issns": [
    "1109-6535",
    "1790-6245"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/cgp.20625",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225016164",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13726685",
  "pmid": "42966631",
  "published": "2026-10-31",
  "publisher": "International Institute of Anticancer Research",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2kspa37nc0344.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:22:58Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13726685",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/cgp.20625"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "High LAT1 Expression Is Associated With CD163⁺ Macrophage Infiltration and Poor Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer",
  "title_text": "High LAT1 Expression Is Associated With CD163⁺ Macrophage Infiltration and Poor Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:22:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2kspa37nc0344",
  "venue": "Cancer Genomics & Proteomics",
  "versions": []
}