{
  "abstract": "We present three outliers on the quasar main sequence at z > 6, as revealed by JWST/NIRSpec integral field unit (IFU) observations from the Aether survey, a program targeting ∼200 quasars at cosmic dawn. The quasars, J0216−5226, J0320−3521, and J1429+5447, exhibit exceptionally strong Fe ii emission and weak H β and [O iii ] lines, indicating rapid chemical enrichment within the first Gyr of cosmic history. Their Fe ii strengths ( R Fe II, λ 4570 ≡ EW Fe II /EW H β ) range between ∼2.5 and 3.6, placing them among the top ∼3% of Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars at (0 ≲ z ≲ 1). The H α emission lines of J0216−5226 and J1429+5447 imply black hole masses of ∼1–7 × 10 ⁹ M ⊙ with λ Edd ∼ 0.1–0.6, comparable to typical high- z quasars, although virial black hole masses may be systematically overestimated in strong Fe ii emitters. In contrast, J0320−3521 hosts a lower-mass black hole of ∼0.2–2 × 10 ⁹ M ⊙ , suggesting possible super-Eddington rate accretion with λ Edd ∼ 0.5–6.0. The IFU data of J0320−3521 reveal a distinct emission-line region at a projected distance of ∼1.5 kpc, consistent with either an interacting companion or ionized gas associated to the quasar. We further identify a complex environment around J1429+5447, including two candidate companion galaxies or extended ionized gas structures. These quasars with bright emission-line regions, J0320−3521 and J1429+5447, are radio-loud sources, while J0216−5226 remains undetected in radio ( R 5GHz, 3 σ ≲ 4). Together, these results confirm previous findings that highly enriched, rapidly growing black holes were already in place at cosmic dawn. Despite the small sample size, our results further highlight the diversity in environment and radio-jet properties among quasars that otherwise share the same extreme region of the quasar fundamental plane.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "NSF NOIRLab",
    "International Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab",
    "INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna",
    "Heidelberg University",
    "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik",
    "Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie",
    "University of California",
    "Università di Pisa",
    "INAF",
    "University of Michigan",
    "MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research",
    "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
    "Scuola Normale Superiore",
    "University of Hawai‘i",
    "Center for Astrophysics",
    "Ehime University",
    "Universidad Diego Portales"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 25,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anniek J. Gloudemans",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-8274-441X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Emanuele Paolo Farina",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6822-2254"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Roberto Decarli",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2662-8803"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Klaudia Protušová",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-2205-7725"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4770-6137"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Eduardo Bañados",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2931-7824"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Aaron J. Barth",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3026-0562"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Silvia Belladitta",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4747-4484"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Manuela Bischetti",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4314-021X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Hyunseop Choi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3173-1098"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Dominika Ďurovčíková",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8986-5235"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Anna-Christina Eilers",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2895-6218"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Simona Gallerani",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7200-8293"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Thales A. Gutcke",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6179-7701"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Luca Ighina",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1516-9450"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Brian C. Lemaux",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1428-7036"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Federica Loiacono",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8858-6784"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Yoshiki Matsuoka",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5063-0340"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16
      ],
      "name": "Chiara Mazzucchelli",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5941-5214"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Silvia Onorato",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-1715-4157"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hyewon Suh",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2536-1633"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Fabian Walter",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4793-7880"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Feige Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7633-431X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Julien Wolf",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0643-7935"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Jinyi Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5287-4242"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m54p05najahx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aea8f5",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2m54p05najahx",
  "issns": [
    "0004-637X",
    "1538-4357"
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  "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea8f5",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7223682523",
  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea8f5/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m54p05najahx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
      "native_id": "10.3847/1538-4357/aea8f5",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea8f5"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Extreme Enrichment at Cosmic Dawn: Three Fe II -strong Quasars at z > 6 from the JWST Aether Survey",
  "title_text": "Extreme Enrichment at Cosmic Dawn: Three Fe II -strong Quasars at z > 6 from the JWST Aether Survey",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m54p05najahx",
  "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal",
  "versions": []
}