{
  "abstract": "Purpose: To compare needle-perc-assisted PCNL (NS) and needle-perc-assisted RIRS (NR) with Standard PCNL for 2–4 cm renal calculi and explore effect modification by infectious-stone status.\n\nPatients and methods: This retrospective cohort included 365 patients treated between January 2021 and September 2025. Two independent 1:1 propensity score-matched comparisons were constructed. The primary outcome was the 1-month stone-free rate (SFR), defined as no residual fragment ≥4 mm on KUB radiography. Matched outcomes were analyzed using paired methods, with Holm adjustment for the two principal SFR comparisons.\n\nResults: Matching yielded 48 Standard PCNL–NS pairs and 86 Standard PCNL–NR pairs. SFR was 85.4% with NS vs. 72.9% with Standard PCNL (RD, 12.5%; 95% CI, −3.6% to 28.6%; exact McNemar P = 0.210; Holm-adjusted P = 0.210) and 91.9% with NR vs. 80.2% with Standard PCNL (RD, 11.6%; conditional exact 95% CI, −0.1% to 20.1%; exact McNemar P = 0.052; Holm-adjusted P = 0.104). Exploratory analyses associated NS with less fever and a smaller postoperative WBC increase but greater analgesic use. NR was associated with less analgesic use, longer operative time, and shorter hospitalization. Treatment-by-infectious-stone-status interactions were not statistically significant for NS or NR (P = 0.647 and P = 0.942).\n\nConclusion: SFR estimates numerically favored NS and NR, but superiority over Standard PCNL was not established. These exploratory findings support further prospective evaluation of Needle-perc-assisted surgery in selected patients.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Urology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuxian Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Peizhi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zheng Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Daxun Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuzhe Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianxing Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m87amc5wngps.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2026.1938484",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13738237/",
  "id": "2m87amc5wngps",
  "issns": [
    "2296-858X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1938484",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2748|Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223249114",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1938484/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13738237",
  "pmid": "42992177",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m87amc5wngps.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:23:15Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13738237",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1938484"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2748|Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical outcomes of needle-perc-assisted endoscopic surgery for 2–4 cm renal calculi: a propensity score-matched comparative study with subgroup analysis by stone infection status",
  "title_text": "Clinical outcomes of needle-perc-assisted endoscopic surgery for 2–4 cm renal calculi: a propensity score-matched comparative study with subgroup analysis by stone infection status",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:23:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m87amc5wngps",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Medicine",
  "versions": []
}