{
  "abstract": "Background: After the withdrawal of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in China, we characterized the demographic, clinical and virological features of virus-positive community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children younger than 5 years during the post-NPI period.\n\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective study using electronic medical records from a tertiary hospital in Guilin, China. We enrolled 1,255 children hospitalized with CAP between December 2022 and July 2024. All participants were tested for five respiratory viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza-A (Flu-A) and influenza-B (Flu-B).\n\nResults: Of 1,255 hospitalized CAP cases, 681 (54%) were virus-positive, including 112 (16% of virus-positive cases) who met severe CAP (SCAP) criteria. RSV showed the highest detection rate (23%, 292/1,255), followed by PIV, ADV, Flu-A and Flu-B; detection patterns differed significantly across age groups. Bacterial co-detection was common among virus-positive cases. Multivariable analysis identified bacterial co-detection (OR 1.90, 95% CI [1.12–3.23]), wheeze (OR 1.59, 95% CI [1.02–2.49]), and chronic comorbidities (OR 2.44, 95% CI [1.5 7–3.78]) as independent risk factors for severe disease, whereas rhinorrhoea was associated with reduced severity (OR 0.43, 95% CI [0.27–0.66]).\n\nConclusion: Among virus-positive cases, RSV was the most frequently detected virus in children younger than 5 years hospitalized with CAP during the post-NPI period in Guilin, China. Early identification of independent risk factors for SCAP may help clinicians’s recognition high-risk children promptly.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "The School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China",
    "The Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China",
    "School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xin Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junli Bu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qiqing Wan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhi Yin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoying Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yiping Gu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m8c5hatw5qm3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.7717/peerj.21849",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2m8c5hatw5qm3",
  "issns": [
    "2167-8359"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://peerj.com/articles/21849",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://peerj.com/articles/21849.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-09",
  "publisher": "PeerJ",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m8c5hatw5qm3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:20:44Z",
      "native_id": "10.7717/peerj.21849",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://peerj.com/articles/21849"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Respiratory viral detection and severity risk factors in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia following relaxation of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions: a 20-month retrospective cohort in Guilin, China",
  "title_text": "Respiratory viral detection and severity risk factors in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia following relaxation of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions: a 20-month retrospective cohort in Guilin, China",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2m8c5hatw5qm3",
  "venue": "PeerJ",
  "versions": []
}