{
  "abstract": "This study evaluates an integrated resource-recovery route for spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, consisting of alkaline roasting, water leaching, adsorption/desorption, precipitation recovery, and leaching-residue valorization. Using the treatment of 1 t of spent FCC catalyst as the functional unit, environmental impacts were assessed in SimaPro 10.1 using Environmental Footprint 3.1 (adapted) as the primary life-cycle impact assessment method, complemented by an operating-level cost assessment, sensitivity analysis, and scenario analysis. Before product-substitution credits, the climate-change impacts of the wet-recovery and leaching-residue-valorization stages were 1,536.56 and 1,940.11 kg CO2-eq, respectively. After system expansion, all 16 main impact categories showed net environmental benefits under the adopted substitution assumptions; when the two freshwater-ecotoxicity subindicators are included, all 18 displayed results were also net negative. The net climate-change impact was – 2,257.14 kg CO2-eq, while resource use for minerals and metals and fossil resources showed net reductions of 0.817 kg Sb-eq and 37,306.47 MJ, respectively. The estimated operating cost was 5,763.35 Chinese yuan (CNY) per t of spent catalyst, while the potential product revenue was 53,254.45 CNY/t under the adopted market-price assumptions. These results indicate favorable operating-level economic potential but should not be interpreted as evidence of industrial profitability. Electricity consumption is the dominant driver of energy- and atmosphere-related impacts, whereas CuSO4·5H2O and ammonium-containing reagents are important contributors to several toxicity- and eutrophication-related impacts. The results therefore support a coordinated optimization strategy combining energy-efficiency improvement, low-carbon electricity, and reduction or substitution of high-impact reagents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Beijing University of Technology , , ,",
    "Chongqing University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yao Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianying Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhe Tan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "De’an Pan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoguang Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3222-2743"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2meyg96gs2pdt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c06836",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13689172",
  "id": "2meyg96gs2pdt",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/41/63340/5446665/Environmental-and-Preliminary-Economic-Assessment",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2210|Extraction and Separation Processes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220892811",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c06836",
  "pmcid": "PMC13689172",
  "pmid": "42923557",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2meyg96gs2pdt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c06836",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/41/63340/5446665/Environmental-and-Preliminary-Economic-Assessment"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42923557",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923557"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2470-1343",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Environmental and Preliminary Economic Assessment of Integrated Resource Recovery from Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts",
  "title_text": "Environmental and Preliminary Economic Assessment of Integrated Resource Recovery from Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2meyg96gs2pdt",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}