{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nDiabetes mellitus (DM) requires continuous care to prevent complications. Telepharmacy delivered via mobile health (mHealth) applications offers a potential solution, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, the roles of pharmacists within such applications have not been comprehensively mapped.Objective\n\nThis scoping review aims to: (1) map existing models of telepharmacy-based mHealth applications for diabetes care, (2) describe the roles and functions of pharmacists within these models, and (3) synthesise the reported benefits and barriers associated with their implementation.Methods\n\nThe review followed the Arksey & O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 20 May 2026. Studies were eligible if they involved pharmacists, used a mobile application for telepharmacy, and targeted any type of diabetes. Data extraction covered study characteristics, pharmacist roles, application features, benefits, and barriers.Results\n\nOf 227 records, 6 studies (632 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in Malaysia, China, Japan, Pakistan, Thailand, and Indonesia covering type 1, type 2, elderly type 2, and gestational diabetes. Pharmacist roles included digital coach, educational facilitator, clinical consultant, and therapy monitor. Key application features comprised electronic medical records, counselling dashboards, adherence and quality of life assessments, medication reminders, and lifestyle monitoring. Reported benefits included improved glycaemic control (HbA1c reduction up to 0.79%), blood pressure, medication adherence, and quality of life (p < 0.05 where reported). Barriers included low digital literacy, technical issues (data synchronisation), waning long-term motivation, and economic constraints (subscription costs).Conclusion\n\nTelepharmacy-based mHealth applications with active pharmacist involvement may contribute to improving comprehensive diabetes management. However, evidence is currently limited. Future applications should prioritise user-centred design, sustainable engagement strategies, and supportive policy frameworks.Clinical trial number\n\nNot applicable.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tadulako, Central Sulawesi, Palu, 94118, Indonesia.",
    "Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.",
    "Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, West Java, 40135, Indonesia.",
    "Computer Science, Nusa Putra University, Sukabumi, West Java, 43152, Indonesia.",
    "Drug Use and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Group, Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.",
    "Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia. dika.pramita@unpad.ac.id.",
    "Drug Use and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Group, Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia. dika.pramita@unpad.ac.id."
  ],
  "article_type": "scoping review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amelia Rumi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mila Karisma Fitriawati"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fakih Haikal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Risnandar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ivan Surya Pradipta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Dika Pramita Destiani"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2mj785bbkpmps.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12911-026-03736-2",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13700386",
  "id": "2mj785bbkpmps",
  "issns": [
    "1472-6947"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928175",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171690010",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13700386?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13700386",
  "pmid": "42928175",
  "published": "2026-07-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2mj785bbkpmps.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:20Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42928175",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928175"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Telepharmacy-based mobile health for diabetes care: models, benefits, and barriers-a scoping review.",
  "title_text": "Telepharmacy-based mobile health for diabetes care: models, benefits, and barriers-a scoping review.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2mj785bbkpmps",
  "venue": "BMC medical informatics and decision making",
  "versions": []
}