{
  "abstract": "Wearable electrical stimulation (ES) devices are emerging platforms for wound healing, where cellular responses at the skin‐electrode interface critically influence therapeutic outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that skin cells dynamically adapt to sustained ES by upregulating voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and enhancing their sensitivity to electrical cues. Using a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO)‐based bioelectronic platform, we find that ES‐induced upregulation of the L‐type VGCC CaV1.3 amplifies intracellular calcium (Ca2+) influx during subsequent stimulation. ES delivered through a skin‐conformal ITO‐based wearable device similarly increases CaV1.3 expression in mouse wound tissue, accompanied by accelerated wound healing, enhanced collagen deposition, vascular remodeling, and changes in the CD206/iNOS macrophage‐associated marker balance. Pharmacological inhibition of L‐type VGCCs with nifedipine suppresses CaV1.3 upregulation and attenuates these regenerative responses, supporting a functional contribution of VGCC‐mediated Ca2+ signaling to ES‐assisted wound repair. Human skin cells further exhibit enhanced Ca2+ responsiveness and coordinated transcriptional and proteomic remodeling following sustained ES. These findings identify adaptive VGCC‐associated Ca2+ signaling as a key cellular mechanism underlying sustained ES responses at the bioelectronic interface.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea",
    "Center for Biomaterials Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul South Korea",
    "KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul South Korea",
    "Interdisciplinary Research Center for Biosystems and Machines King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia",
    "Defense of Forensic Service, Criminal Investigation Command Ministry of National Defense Seoul South Korea",
    "Doping Control Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul South Korea",
    "College of Medicine Ajou University Suwon South Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yeon Jae Chang",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-3519-8745"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Soon Jin Choi",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-3967-7518"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Khandoker Asiqur Rahaman",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5610-3269"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tae Kyoung Lee",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-6421-186X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gwangbin Lee",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-2040-1166"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jaeyeon Jun",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-7955-5947"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hyeon‐Jeong Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Hophil Min",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2791-406X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hojeong Jeon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8277-7926"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jung Keun Hyun",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9254-4424"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hyung‐Seop Han",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6870-1485"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jimin Park",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7935-4340"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2n8jdze64qmfg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/advs.78525",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13712396/",
  "id": "2n8jdze64qmfg",
  "issns": [
    "2198-3844"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78525",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2742|Wound Healing and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223936186",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.78525",
  "pmcid": "PMC13712396",
  "pmid": "42944681",
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2n8jdze64qmfg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:22:59Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13712396",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78525"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2742|Wound Healing and Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Adaptive Cellular Responsiveness to Electrical Stimulation at the Skin‐Electrode Interface",
  "title_text": "Adaptive Cellular Responsiveness to Electrical Stimulation at the Skin‐Electrode Interface",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2n8jdze64qmfg",
  "venue": "Advanced Science",
  "versions": []
}