{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, with recurrence rates of 20% to 50% within 5 years after surgery. Cesarean section involves tissue injury and inflammation that may contribute to the reactivation of endometriotic lesions. Previous studies suggested an association between cesarean sections and the development of endometriosis. However, it remains unclear whether these factors affect recurrence. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the association between previous cesarean sections and the recurrence of endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed 1817 women diagnosed with endometriosis at our hospital. RESULTS: Recurrent endometriosis occurred in 125 women (6.8%). The median time to recurrent endometriosis was 7 years. Among 1297 women with a history of live birth, 526 (41%) had undergone cesarean section(s). Previous cesarean section(s) significantly increased the recurrence of endometriosis by 84% ( P =.006), compared to vaginal delivery. In contrast, when compared to nulliparous women, a previous vaginal delivery was not associated with developing recurrence ( P =.3181). Furthermore, the interval to recurrence was significantly longer in patients with a live birth than in those without a live birth (7.8 vs 5.1 years, P =.004). CONCLUSION: Although endometriosis recurrence after surgery is relatively common, our study suggests that previous cesarean sections significantly increase the risk of recurrence.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Chen)",
    "Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Wang, Zhao); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Wang, Chen)",
    "Department of Family Planning, The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Tang)",
    "Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Gu)",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Wang, Chen)",
    "Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Wang, Zhao); Corresponding author: Min Zhao, MD, PhD."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "George Qiaoqi Chen, MD"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lin Wang, MD"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yunhui Tang, MD"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ying Gu, MD"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Qi Chen, MD, PhD"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Min Zhao, MD, PhD"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nhjsnefgy6e6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.xagr.2026.100707",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266657782600105X",
  "id": "2nhjsnefgy6e6",
  "issns": [
    "2666-5778"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xagr.2026.100707",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RG1-991"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2743|Endometriosis Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221832057",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nhjsnefgy6e6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T14:21:05Z",
      "native_id": "07b4d28b0b0f410bbd5f204c883a1f6b",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xagr.2026.100707"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2743|Endometriosis Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cesarean section as a risk factor for recurrent endometriosis",
  "title_text": "Cesarean section as a risk factor for recurrent endometriosis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T14:20:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nhjsnefgy6e6",
  "venue": "AJOG Global Reports",
  "versions": []
}