{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal orchestrators of immune activation, serving as professional antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Among them, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) play a critical role in initiating cytotoxic T-cell responses and anti-tumor immunity. Despite their therapeutic promise, the clinical translation of cDC1-based vaccines has been limited by challenges in large-scale in vitro generation.\n\nMethods and results: Here, we established an efficient and reproducible two-step protocol for producing functional XCR1⁺ CD141⁺ cDC1s from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), providing a practical and potentially scalable approach for cell sourcing. Transcriptomic profiling confirmed strong expression of cDC1 lineage markers and revealed that mature cDC1s exhibit pronounced activation of immune-related pathways and secretion of key cytokines and chemokines involved in immune modulation. Functionally, the generated cDC1s effectively primed antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which exhibited significantly enhanced IFN-γ production and tumor cell cytotoxicity compared with both control T cells and monocyte-derived DC–induced CTLs (moDC-CTLs). Importantly, preclinical evaluation in NOG mice showed no treatment-related toxicity, providing preliminary—though model-limited—safety evidence for this approach.\n\nDiscussion: Collectively, these findings establish an efficient and reproducible strategy for generating human cDC1s and highlight their potential as a candidate platform for dendritic cell–based cancer immunotherapy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "International Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boao International Hospital",
    "School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology",
    "School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan Province Key Laboratory of One Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Life and Health, Hainan University",
    "Medical Corporation ISHIN-KAI ODA Clinic"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ying Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kaiyun Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rui Shang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Harunori Oda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinxin Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xin Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yizhen Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaodan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Meng Ding"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Can Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bin Wen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xia Ling"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ming Shi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hongjin Wu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nqqfsh1t7j6k.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1912573",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13724651/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "2nqqfsh1t7j6k",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1912573/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Immunotherapy and Immune Responses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222983720",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1912573/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724651",
  "pmid": "42973634",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nqqfsh1t7j6k.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1912573",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1912573/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13724651",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724651"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:11Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724651",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1912573"
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
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  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|Immunotherapy and Immune Responses",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficient expansion of XCR1+CD141+ cDC1 cells from human PBMCs: a promising strategy for DC-based vaccine",
  "title_text": "Efficient expansion of XCR1+CD141+ cDC1 cells from human PBMCs: a promising strategy for DC-based vaccine",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nqqfsh1t7j6k",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}